Inhalation bioaccessibility, health risk assessment, and source appointment of ambient PM2.5-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Caofeidian, China

Inhalation Bioaccessibility of Multi-Class Organic Pollutants Associated to Atmospheric Pm2.5: Correlation with Pm2.5 Properties and Health Risk Assessment

“…The acidic environment triggered by macrophages stimulation in lung alveoli was also reported to increase metal (oid)s bioaccessibilities, yet PAHs bioaccessibilities were found to be lower as generally reported for metal (oid)s (Kastury et al, 2017;Ren et al, 2020). Also, results obtained were comparable to the study conducted by Zeng et al (2021) concerning atmospheric PM 2.5 samples using SELF, with mean B acc values ranging between 20 and 40%. This suggests that, not only pH but also the additive use of surfactants, could increase PAHs bioaccessibility as also reported for metal (oid)s (Kastury et al, 2017), that would require further study (Ren et al, 2020).…”

“…On contrary, since PM 2.5 trends to deposit in the deep lung and stimulate particles engulfment by alveolar macrophages, ALF solution (pH 4.5) was considered in the present study because of simulating the acidic environment after phagocytosis (Midander et al, 2007;Ren et al, 2020;Luo et al, 2021). Basing on available literature, in vitro inhalation bioaccessibility methods were focused on PM-associated metal (oid)s (Guney et al, 2016;Leclercq et al, 2017;Žero et al, 2017;Hernández-Pellón et al, 2018;Huang et al, 2018;Kastury et al, 2018), while studies concerning organic compounds were recently addressed for PAHs in PM (Li et al, 2019;Zeng et al, 2019Zeng et al, , 2021Guo et al, 2021;Sánchez-Piñero et al, 2021a) and indoor dust (Luo et al, 2021), OPFRs in PM (Zeng et al, 2019) and PAEs in indoor dust (Kademoglou et al, 2018), while studies were not found in the literature for the remaining families. Thus, the main objective of this research is to assess the in vitro inhalation bioaccessibility of 49 organic pollutants in PM 2.5 samples (comprising 18 PAHs,12 PAEs,11 OPFRs,6 SMCs and 2 bisphenols), for which few or no studies have been published.…”

Sesamin attenuates PM2.5-induced cardiovascular injury by inhibiting ferroptosis in rats

“…Substantial evidence indicates that the main sources of PM 2.5 are coal combustion, automobile exhausts, and industrial production 2 and that the surface of PM 2.5 contains many kinds of toxic substances, such as organic carbon, heavy metals, bacteria, and viruses. 3–5 Accumulating evidence indicates that PM 2.5 is associated with the adverse effects of respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. 6,7 Yang et al 8 reported that PM 2.5 , PM 10 , NO 2 , and O 3 exposures are closely related to increased risks of CVD mortality.…”

Inhalation Bioaccessibility of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in PM2.5 under Various Lung Environments: Implications for Air Pollution Control during Coronavirus Disease-19 Outbreak

“…For example, the average in vitro bioaccessibility (IVBA) of PM 2.5 -bound PAHs ranged from 17.8% (dibenz( a , h )anthracene) to 67.9% (fluorene) when extracted by SELF. 11 …”

“…For example, the average in vitro bioaccessibility (IVBA) of PM 2.5 -bound PAHs ranged from 17.8% (dibenz(a,h)anthracene) to 67.9% (fluorene) when extracted by SELF. 11 However, the SELF formulation was developed based on the lung environment of healthy people. 10 With the global outbreak of coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19), more than 93.6 million infected cases and 2 million deaths have been reported worldwide since January 18, 2021.…”