Inhalation and Dietary Exposure to PCBs in Urban and Rural Cohorts via Congener-Specific Measurements

Ampleman, Matt D.; Martínez, Andrés; DeWall, Jeanne; Rawn, Dorothea F. K.; Hornbuckle, Keri C.; Thorne, Peter S.

doi:10.1021/es5048039

Cited by 162 publications

(223 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…4 School children’s annual inhalation exposure to PCBs was calculated as the sum of seasonal exposure during winter, spring, and autumn for each individual school. Winter was defined as the months of December, January, and February; spring was defined as the months of March, April, and May; and autumn was defined as the months of September, October, and November.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Airborne PCBs and OH-PCBs Inside and Outside Urban and Rural U.S. Schools

Marek¹,

Thorne

Herkert³

et al. 2017

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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112

177

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PCBs appear in school air because many school buildings were built when PCBs were still intentionally added to building materials and because PCBs are also present through inadvertent production in modern pigment. This is of concern because children are especially vulnerable to the toxic effects of PCBs. Here we report indoor and outdoor air concentrations of PCBs and OH-PCBs from two rural schools and four urban schools, the latter near a PCB-contaminated waterway of Lake Michigan in the United States. Samples (n=108) were collected as in/out pairs using polyurethane foam passive air samplers (PUF-PAS) from January 2012 to November 2015. Samples were analyzed using GC/MS-MS for all 209 PCBs and 72 OH-PCBs. Concentrations inside schools were one to two orders of magnitude higher than outdoors and ranged 0.5–194 ng/m3 (PCBs) and 4–665 pg/m3 (OH-PCBs). Congener profiles were similar within each sampling location across season but different between schools and indicated the sources as Aroclors from building materials and individual PCBs associated with modern pigment. This study is the first cohort-specific analysis to show that some children’s PCB inhalation exposure may be equal to or higher than their exposure through diet.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Diet has long-been identified as the major exposure route but inhalation may be significant for some populations, including children. 4, 16, 25 . Aroclor and non-Aroclor PCBs and their hydroxylated metabolites (OH-PCBs) have been measured in people around the world including children.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Airborne PCBs and OH-PCBs Inside and Outside Urban and Rural U.S. Schools

Marek¹,

Thorne

Herkert³

et al. 2017

Environ. Sci. Technol.

Self Cite

112

177

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“…Five aliquots of 250 µl were pooled (total 1.25 ml per pool) according to selected maternal characteristics believed to influence POP concentrations (Agudo et al 2009;Ampleman et al 2015;Axelrad et al 2009;Bachelet et al 2011;James et al 2002;Laden et al 1999;Pavuk et al 2014;Quinn and Wania 2012;Sjödin et al 2014;Tee et al 2003): maternal age, maternal BMI, and large fish consumption (Table 1). Maternal age was obtained through self-report (tertiles: 18-20, 21-25, 26-40 years), maternal BMI was calculated using maternal weight and height measured at enrolment in the second trimester of pregnancy (tertiles: < 21.5, 21.5-25.1, > 25.1 kg/m 2 ), and regular large fish consumption (i.e., at least once per week) was determined using data from the MDIG food frequency questionnaire administered at enrolment (Online Resource, Table S2).…”

Section: Sample Poolingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal-Child Exposures to Persistent Organic Pollutants in Dhaka, Bangladesh

et al. 2018

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Information about the human burdens of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in low-and middle-income countries is limited. In particular, studies often include only a small subset of POPs. To address this data gap, we aimed to assess maternal-child exposures to POPs in Dhaka, Bangladesh. We quantified 16 organochlorine pesticides, 12 polychlorinated biphenyls, 21 brominated flame retardants, 18 per-and polyfluorinated alkyl substances, 2 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and short-chain chlorinated paraffins in 18 pooled samples of human cord blood from 90 mother-infant pairs living in Dhaka, Bangladesh (2014. In all pooled samples, we detected high levels of p,p′-DDT (median 81.6 ng/g lipid) and its metabolites p,p′-DDE and p,p′-DDD (median 551 and 10.7 ng/g lipid, respectively), where the p,p′-DDE/p,p′-DDT ratio ranged from 2.9 to 9.8 indicating recent dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) exposure. We also detected acenaphthene, decabromodiphenyl ethane, o,p′-DDT, o,p′-DDE, hexachlorobenzene, β-hexachlorocyclohexane, hexabromobenzene, and perfluorooctanoic acid in a subset of samples. For the other 59 target compounds, concentrations were below the limits of detection, despite using ultra-trace analytical methodology. No trends were observed when stratifying the analyses of detected POP concentrations by maternal age, maternal body mass index, or large fish consumption. These findings highlight recent DDT exposure in Dhaka, but the overall POP burden was otherwise low in this sample of pregnant women/newborns. Future monitoring efforts should focus on newly detected POPs for which burdens may be increasing due to ongoing industrialization in Bangladesh.

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“…Grantees have employed polyurethane foam (PUF) passive air samplers (PAS) to collect semi-volatile PCB compounds (Table 1G). After accounting for covariates impacting adsorption (11), the team used the PAS as part of studies looking at the impact of dredging on PCB signatures in mothers and children in two communities in the US (12). The advantage of using PAS for these studies is that it predicts the complex mixture of PCB congeners in air of peoples' homes and their schools and may help identify sources.…”

Section: Sampling As An Early Gage Of Remediation Successmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable exposure prevention through innovative detection and remediation technologies from the NIEHS Superfund Research Program

Henry

Suk

2017

Reviews on Environmental Health

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Abstract Innovative devices and tools for exposure assessment and remediation play an integral role in preventing exposure to hazardous substances. New solutions for detecting and remediating organic, inorganic, and mixtures of contaminants can improve public health as a means of primary prevention. Using a public health prevention model, detection and remediation technologies contribute to primary prevention as tools to identify areas of high risk (e.g. contamination hotspots), to recognize hazards (bioassay tests), and to prevent exposure through contaminant cleanups. Primary prevention success is ultimately governed by the widespread acceptance of the prevention tool. And, in like fashion, detection and remediation technologies must convey technical and sustainability advantages to be adopted for use. Hence, sustainability – economic, environmental, and societal – drives innovation in detection and remediation technology. The National Institute of Health (NIH) National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) Superfund Research Program (SRP) is mandated to advance innovative detection, remediation, and toxicity screening technology development through grants to universities and small businesses. SRP recognizes the importance of fast, accurate, robust, and advanced detection technologies that allow for portable real-time, on-site characterization, monitoring, and assessment of contaminant concentration and/or toxicity. Advances in non-targeted screening, biological-based assays, passive sampling devices (PSDs), sophisticated modeling approaches, and precision-based analytical tools are making it easier to quickly identify hazardous “hotspots” and, therefore, prevent exposures. Innovation in sustainable remediation uses a variety of approaches: in situ remediation; harnessing the natural catalytic properties of biological processes (such as bioremediation and phytotechnologies); and application of novel materials science (such as nanotechnology, advanced membranes, new carbon materials, and materials reuse). Collectively, the investment in new technologies shows promise to reduce the amount and toxicity of hazardous substances in the environment. This manuscript highlights SRP funded innovative devices and tools for exposure assessment and remediation of organic, inorganic, and mixtures of contaminants with a particular focus on sustainable technologies.

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Inhalation and Dietary Exposure to PCBs in Urban and Rural Cohorts via Congener-Specific Measurements

Cited by 162 publications

References 47 publications

Airborne PCBs and OH-PCBs Inside and Outside Urban and Rural U.S. Schools

Airborne PCBs and OH-PCBs Inside and Outside Urban and Rural U.S. Schools

Maternal-Child Exposures to Persistent Organic Pollutants in Dhaka, Bangladesh

Sustainable exposure prevention through innovative detection and remediation technologies from the NIEHS Superfund Research Program

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