Inhalation anaesthetics and climate change

Andersen, Mads Peter; Sander, Stanley P.; Nielsen, Ole John; Wagner, Deborah; Sanford, Theodore J.; Wallington, T. J.

doi:10.1093/bja/aeq259

Cited by 144 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…[4,5] Recently, several studies have focused on the impact of anesthetic agents on the environment to determine the most environmentally compatible anesthetic. [4,5] Recently, several studies have focused on the impact of anesthetic agents on the environment to determine the most environmentally compatible anesthetic.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atmospheric Chemistry and Environmental Assessment of Inhalational Fluroxene

Bravo

Rodrı́guez

et al. 2013

ChemPhysChem

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Smog chamber/gas chromatography techniques are used to investigate the atmospheric degradation of fluroxene, an anesthetic, through oxidation with OH and Cl radicals at 298 K and under atmospheric pressure of N2 or air. The measured rate constants (k) are: k(fluroxene+OH(.) )=(2.96±0.61)×10(-11) and k(fluroxene+Cl(.) )=(1.62±0.19)×10(-10) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1) . The only product detected after the oxidation of fluroxene with OH radicals is 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl formate (79 % and 83 % molar yield in the absence and presence of NOx, respectively). However, after oxidation with Cl radicals, the detected products are 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl formate (78 %), 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl-1-chloroacetate (5 %), and chloroacetaldehyde (4 %), in the absence of NOx, and 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl formate (93 %), 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl-1-chloroacetate (6 %), and chloroacetaldehyde (5 %), in the presence of NOx. The results indicate that, both in the absence and presence of NOx, the main fate of fluroxene is the addition of the oxidant to the double bond and, once the alkoxy radical is formed, the main decomposition pathway is by means of degradation. Moreover, it is expected that 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl formate is the only oxidation product able to actively contribute to climate change. To successfully assess the contribution of fluroxene to global warming, we measure the infrared spectra of fluroxene and 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl formate, and calculate the radiative efficiencies (REs) to be 0.27 and 0.28 W m(-2) ppbv(-1) , respectively. In addition, the cumulative effect owing to the formation of 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl formate is investigated, and the direct, indirect, and net global-warming potentials are calculated by using the REs and lifetimes of fluroxene and 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl formate.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atmospheric Chemistry and Environmental Assessment of Inhalational Fluroxene

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Rodrı́guez

et al. 2013

ChemPhysChem

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“…estimated that the global emissions of inhaled anesthetics will be equivalent to 4.4 million tonnes of carbon dioxide, i.e., equivalent to emissions (measured by 100 year GWP) from approximately 1 million passenger cars. [1] Emissions of nitrous oxide have been constant for a few decades, and it is estimated that atmospheric concentration would be around 0.5 parts per billion, several times higher than the effect of emissions of halogenated anesthetics. Although, the current climate effects of anesthetics are small and clinical decisions about the effectiveness of different compounds should take priority, there is a need to monitor their climate impact.…”

Section: Impact On Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A recent article by Sulbaek Anderson et al . [1] on climatic effects of inhalational anesthetics raked up the issue of environmental pollution by anesthetic gases in contemporary media. Although global climate changes are primarily attributed to emissions of carbon dioxide, the reactions of the media on pollution by anesthetic gas emission were possibly not unfounded.…”

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Anesthesia : Contributing to pollution?

Goyal

Kapoor

2011

J Anaesthesiol Clin Pharmacol

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“…Sevoflurane administration beyond 12 to 24 hours needs to be assessed in terms of fluoride plasma concentration and nephrotoxicity. Environmental effects of widespread anesthetic gas use need to be taken into account [15]. Most cardiac surgery patients require a maximum of a few hours of mechanical ventilation (if any).…”

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confidence: 99%

Post-conditioning: Promising answers and more questions

Bracco

2012

Critical Care

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Volatile anesthetic agents have been used for decades in the peri-operative setting. Data from the past 15 years have shown that pre-injury administration of volatile anesthetic can decrease the impact of ischemia-reperfusion injury on the heart, brain, and kidney. Recent data demonstrated that volatile agents administered shortly after injury can decrease the ischemia-reperfusion injury. Several questions need to be answered to optimize this therapeutic target, but this is a promising era of secondary injury mitigation.

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Inhalation anaesthetics and climate change

Cited by 144 publications

References 15 publications

Atmospheric Chemistry and Environmental Assessment of Inhalational Fluroxene

Atmospheric Chemistry and Environmental Assessment of Inhalational Fluroxene

Anesthesia : Contributing to pollution?

Post-conditioning: Promising answers and more questions

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