“…Yet, as Mire Koikari has pointed out, such binaries are overly simple ways to frame the coordinated efforts: as women learned and taught "a 'modern,' 'scientific,' and 'American' food preparation and home management," they too claimed a space in the modern world-and the modernisation of their world in a Western mold (2017: 82). Japanese people, whether male or female, wanted to be more "scientific" and "modern," from atomic reactors to "nutritious" meals, and Westerners, whether male or female, could show them the way (Koikari, 2017;Hopson, 2020).…”