Ingestion of energy, protein and amino acids from pasture by grazing European wild boar (Sus scrofa L.) in a semi-extensive production system

Hodgkinson, Suzanne M.; López, Ignacio F.; Navarrete, Soledad

doi:10.1016/j.livsci.2008.09.002

Cited by 17 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Compared to the present study, similar results of grass intake were recorded in Iberian finishers (Rodrígues-Estévez et al, 2009), modern hybrid finishers foraging on lucerne, fescue and Cebadilla Criolla (Riart, 2002) and European wild boar foraging on rye grass and ribwort plantain (Hodgkinson et al, 2009).…”

Section: Animal Behavioursupporting

confidence: 89%

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Foraging behaviour, nutrient intake from pasture and performance of free-range growing pigs in relation to feed CP level in two organic cropping systems

Jakobsen

Kongsted

Hermansen

2015

Animal

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In organic pig production one of the major challenges is to be able to fulfil amino acid requirements based on organic and locally grown protein feed crops. The pig is an opportunistic omnivore with a unique capacity for foraging above and below the soil surface. It is hypothesized that direct foraging in the range area can pose an important contribution in terms of fulfilling nutrient requirements of growing pigs. Foraging activity, lucerne nutrient intake and pig performance were investigated in 36 growing pigs, foraging on lucerne or grass and fed either a standard organic pelleted feed mixture (HP: high protein) or a grain mixture containing 48% less CP (LP: low protein) compared with the high protein feed mixture, from an average live weight of 58 kg to 90 kg in a complete block design in three replicates. The pigs were fed 80% of energy recommendations and had access to 4 m 2 of pasture/pig per day during the 40 days experimental period from September to October 2013. Behavioural observations were carried out 12 times over the entire experimental period. For both crops, LP pigs rooted significantly more compared with HP pigs but the effect of CP level was more pronounced in grass (44% v. 19% of all observations) compared with lucerne (28% v. 16% of all observations). Feed protein level turned out not to have any significant effect on grazing behaviour but pigs foraging on lucerne grazed significantly more than pigs foraging on grass (10% v. 4% of all observations). Daily weight gain and feed conversion ratio were significantly affected by feed protein and forage crop interactions. Compared to HP pigs, LP treated pigs had 33% lower daily weight gain (589 v. 878 g) and 31% poorer feed conversion ratio (3.75 v. 2.59 kg feed/kg weight gain) in grass paddocks, whereas in lucerne paddocks LP pigs only had 18% lower daily weight gain (741 v. 900 g) and a 14% poorer feed conversion ratio (2.95 v. 2.54 kg feed/kg weight gain) compared with HP pigs. LP pigs foraging on lucerne used 169 g less concentrate CP/kg weight gain, compared with HP pigs, indicating the nitrogen efficiency of the system. The results indicate that direct foraging of lucerne may be a valuable strategy in terms of accommodating CP and lysine requirements of organic growing pigs.

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Section: Animal Behavioursupporting

confidence: 89%

“…Regarding CP and lysine contribution from pasture intake, the literature is even more limited. Riart (2002) reported a CP contribution from forage with up to 18% of requirements in finishers and Hodgkinson et al (2009) found a daily intake of CP and lysine amounting up to 115 and 6.4 g/pig respectively in European wild boar.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Foraging behaviour, nutrient intake from pasture and performance of free-range growing pigs in relation to feed CP level in two organic cropping systems

Jakobsen

Kongsted

Hermansen

2015

Animal

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“…Growth rates similar to the ones observed in animals receiving diets 3 and 4 in this study have been reported by Hodgkinson et al (2009) and Weiler et al (1998) with values of 227 ± 10.6 g d -1…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Potential Protein Deposition in the European Wild Boar (Sus scrofa L.)

Quijada

Hodgkinson

2012

Chilean J. Agric. Res.

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The growth rate of farmed European wild boars (Sus scrofa L.) is perceived to be very slow. However, there is no available information on the genetic potential of these animals in terms of potential lean tissue growth.The aim of the study was to determine the maximum capacity for protein deposition (operational PDmax) in wild boars under controlled environmental conditions. Four diets were formulated containing different levels of digestible energy (DE): 2.2, 2.4, 2.6, and 2.8 Mcal DE kg -1 . All of the diets contained at least 5 g lysine per Mcal DE. Twenty purebred wild boars from a commercial farm of the same age (± 4 d) and with an initial liveweight of 27 ± 0.50 kg (mean ± standard error of the mean) were used in the study. At the beginning of the study (day 1), four animals were sacrificed and the carcasses were frozen without the digestive tract contents. The remaining animals were divided in foursomes and received each of the four diets over a 28-d period; they were then sacrificed and the carcasses were frozen without the digestive tract contents. All of the carcasses were ground and analyzed for DM, crude protein, ether extract, and ash. Protein deposition of the animals sacrificed on day 28 was determined as the difference between crude protein content estimated for the animals on day 1 using data from the animals sacrificed on day 1 and protein content of animals sacrificed on day 28. It was not possible to determine PDmax due to the genetic heterogeneity of the animals. Further studies on PDmax in wild boars must be carried out following genetic selection and breeding to produce more homogeneous animals.

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“…The animals have been shown to consume a signifi cant amount of pasture in this system (Hodgkinson et al, 2009), which satisfi es between 105% and 142% of the daily maintenance digestible energy requirements for these animals in Spring and over 50% of these requirements in Summer (Quijada et al, 2012); therefore, pasture is important nutritionally for wild boar. This study is the fi rst to follow the behavior of a group of growing European wild boar during an 8 hour grazing session, determining the amount of time that they spend grazing and the distribution of this time throughout the day.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…In this production system, the animals have been shown to consume a nutritionally important quantity of pasture (Hodgkinson et al, 2009), and it is estimated that growing wild boar (18 to 25 kg liveweight) reared in this system satisfy close to 90% and 45% of their daily maintenance digestible energy requirements through pasture consumption in Spring and Summer, respectively (Quijada et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavior of grazing European wild boar (Sus scrofa) in a semi-extensive production system

2013

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In the semi-extensive farming systems that are used to raise European wild boar in countries such as Chile, the behavior of the animals in paddocks has not been studied and is important for managing the system. The objective of the present study was to determine the proportion of time that grazing wild boar spent on different activities and the distribution of these activities during the day. The study was conducted in paddocks containing Cynodon dactylon, Lolium perenne and Poa pratensis. A total of 35 purebred European wild boars with a liveweight (average + SEM) of 37.4 + 1.11 kg with noserings were used in the study. The animals were in the paddocks from 08:30 h until 16:30 h, after which they had free access to a commercial diet for one hour and were kept in a barn until the following day. The activity of each animal was observed every 5 minutes throughout the grazing period, with the activities categorized as grazing, rooting (either with the snout or foot), walking, running, playing, lying down, drinking or other activities. Overall, throughout the grazing time, the animals spent 26% of their time grazing, 17% rooting, 7% walking, 3% playing, 2% drinking and 44% lying down. When the animals entered the paddock in the morning, they grazed intensively, as 74% of observations were of grazing during the first half hour. Gradually the observations of grazing decreased, reaching the lowest number between 12:00 and 12:30 h, when only one animal was observed to graze at one timepoint. The number of animals observed lying down gradually increased over the morning. In the afternoon, the proportion of animals grazing gradually increased, reaching a maximum of 27% of animals grazing at 15:00 h. Over an 8-hour period with access to pasture, European wild boar spent a significant amount of time grazing (26%). The intensity of grazing was high when they first entered the paddock and decreased gradually over the next four hours, increasing slightly again toward the end of the 8-hour period.

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Ingestion of energy, protein and amino acids from pasture by grazing European wild boar (Sus scrofa L.) in a semi-extensive production system

Cited by 17 publications

References 9 publications

Foraging behaviour, nutrient intake from pasture and performance of free-range growing pigs in relation to feed CP level in two organic cropping systems

Foraging behaviour, nutrient intake from pasture and performance of free-range growing pigs in relation to feed CP level in two organic cropping systems

Potential Protein Deposition in the European Wild Boar (Sus scrofa L.)

Behavior of grazing European wild boar (Sus scrofa) in a semi-extensive production system

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