Ingestion and killing of Streptococcus agalactiae by bovine granulocytes in the presence of natural opsonins

Rainard, Pascal; Lautrou, Y.; Poutrel, B.

doi:10.1016/0378-1135(88)90114-9

Cited by 12 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…It has been suggested that an IgG2 type 1 response should be beneficial against bovine mastitis because IgG2 is an important opsonizing antibody aiding in neutrophil phagocytosis of bacteria, and IgG2 has the ability to readily fix complement (2,5,12,24). In milk, the most important opsonizing antibody against coliform bacteria is IgG2, especially early in the infection (5, 7).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Milk and Serum J5-Specific Antibody Responses, Milk Production Change, and Clinical Effects following Intramammary Escherichia coli Challenge for J5 Vaccinate and Control Cows

Wilson

Mallard

Burton

et al. 2007

Clin Vaccine Immunol

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Holstein dairy cows (four J5 vaccinates and four controls) selected for no recorded intramammary disease and low somatic cell count (SCC) during the previous lactation were challenged by intramammary infusion of Escherichia coli. Vaccination with J5 was at 8 weeks and again 4 weeks before the anticipated calving date. Cows were challenged at 8 to 16 days in milk (DIM). Shedding of E. coli in milk was significantly higher among controls than vaccinates (no shedding) from 6 h to 21 h postchallenge. From 21 h to 132 h postchallenge, SCC in challenged quarters of controls (5,429,000/ml) was significantly higher than that of vaccinates (490,000/ml). On the day after challenge, milk production in control cows was 8 kg less, while vaccinates gained 0.5 kg, a significant difference. In serum immediately prior to challenge, J5-specific immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) was significantly higher, IgG2 was nearly significantly higher, and IgM was the same in J5 vaccinates relative to controls. Vaccinates had proportionally more IgG2 in serum postcalving and in the first 12 h following challenge and less IgG2 in milk 24 h after challenge than the controls, approaching statistical significance. The ratio of J5-specific IgG1 and IgG2 combined compared to IgM was significantly higher in vaccinates than in controls in prechallenge serum (ratios of 15.8 and 3.2, respectively) and milk (5.0 and 1.3, respectively). Cows with higher IgM titers in milk 12 h postchallenge produced significantly less milk. Vaccination with J5 was significantly associated with higher production of J5-specific IgG1 and IgG2 in early lactation, reduced SCC, faster clearance of E. coli from milk, and less milk production loss following intramammary challenge.Bovine coliform mastitis is most commonly caused by Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp. (16,21,30,32). Coliform mastitis can cause abnormal milk, milk production loss, treatment costs, and death of cattle (20,21,30).Vaccination against coliform mastitis with J5 bacterins has been used in the dairy industry for more than 15 years (10, 15). However, the effects of J5 immunization on the bovine mammary immune response have not yet been fully explained (3,12). It is not clear whether J5 vaccination results in J5 E. coli-specific immunoglobulin M (IgM), IgG1, or IgG2 antibody production or in changes in their relative proportions produced in milk or serum or whether such changes are associated with resistance to coliform mastitis (1,5,17,19,28,32). It is generally accepted that either IgM, IgG2, or both isotypes are particularly important in opsonization of bacteria for polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) phagocytosis, and increases in these antibodies against the target mastitis pathogens are desired goals of vaccination against mastitis (1, 5).The primary objectives were to evaluate a commercial J5 vaccine for protection against E. coli challenge and to statistically test for associations between J5 vaccination, outcome measures of clinical mastitis (CM) severity, and J5-specific IgG1, IgG2, and IgM antibodies in m...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Milk and Serum J5-Specific Antibody Responses, Milk Production Change, and Clinical Effects following Intramammary Escherichia coli Challenge for J5 Vaccinate and Control Cows

Wilson

Mallard

Burton

et al. 2007

Clin Vaccine Immunol

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“…The consequence of deposition of C3 with regards to phagocytic efficiency was seldom checked in the case of opsonization with milk: it has been reported that killing of S. agalactiae in milk depends on the presence of immunoglobulin with the complement at the beginning of the inflammatory reaction (12 h post-infection), but that the heattreatment of milk was without an effect later in the course of infection [62]. In serum, inactivation of the complement by heating was shown to decrease phagocytic killing by neutrophils for some of the mastitis isolates of S. agalactiae [90].…”

Section: Opsonization Of Bacteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Unfortunately, this information is sparse concerning mastitis-causing pathogens. Many studies have shown that the complement is not indispensable for opsonophagocytic killing by neutrophils, as far as S. aureus [92], S. agalactiae [90], E. coli [45], or S. uberis [35] are concerned. Whether the complement improves the antibodydependent opsonization is much less documented.…”

Section: The Biological Significance Of the Complement In Milk And Armentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Whether the complement improves the antibodydependent opsonization is much less documented. It would seem that the generalisation of the results obtained with strains of medical interest to mastitis-causing strains is disputable: the complement is either required or useful for phagocytosis of S. aureus or S. agalactiae of human origin [41,60,112], but it is only of secondary importance for mastitis isolates of S. agalactiae and possibly useless for S. aureus respectively [2,90]. More research on opsonic requirements of mastitis-causing bacteria is required to delineate the contribution of the complement.…”

Section: The Biological Significance Of the Complement In Milk And Armentioning

confidence: 99%

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The complement in milk and defense of the bovine mammary gland against infections

Rainard

2003

Vet. Res.

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-The mammary gland of dairy cows, which is prone to infection by various bacteria, mobilizes local and systemic immune defenses to cope with pathogens. The complement system plays an important part in the innate immunity against microorganisms through its bactericidal, opsonic, and phlogistic functions. The amount of the complement in the milk of healthy glands of dairy cows is low. Moreover, the classical pathway of activation is not functional because of a shortage in C1q. By contrast, the alternative pathway is active, deposits C3b and C3bi on bacteria, and generates amounts of C5a which are highly variable among cows. A slight inhibition of the bactericidal/hemolytic activities, of the deposition of C1q on bacteria, and of the phlogistic activity of C5a makes milk a rather anti-inflammatory fluid. The inhibitory activity does not involve C3b/ C3bi deposition on bacteria, nor the generation of C5a by the alternative pathway. When inflammation develops, the blood-derived complement components overcome the inhibitions and complement-dependent bactericidal, opsonic and phlogistic activities may be high in milk. Further research is necessary to evaluate the contribution of C5a to the recruitment of leukocytes in the mammary gland, and to specify the links between the complement system and the response of resident cells (leukocytes and mammary epithelial cells) to infection stimulus. This will help to define the contribution of the complement system to resistance against mastitis, and could help to differentiate animals more or less resistant to this frequent and costly disease.

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“…The severity of clinical mastitis after IMI is, however, less dependent on the functional capacity of blood phagocytes [3,11,115] than on the intra-mammary functional capacity of these cells. In the mammary gland, a low efficiency of PMN phagocytosis is caused by either ingestion of milk constituents, such as fat globules [25,76] and casein micelles [92,93], or a deficiency of opsonins in milk [76,83,85]. Consequently, an increase of opsonins, such as immunoglobulins, results in a lower incidence of clinical mastitis [36,47,50].…”

Section: An Acute Phase Of Udder Defense Mechanism After Intramammarymentioning

confidence: 99%

Hyperketonemia and the impairment of udder defense: a review

et al. 2000

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-The objective of this study was to review the possible relationships between hyperketonemia and the function of phagocytes with respect to the bovine udder defense mechanism. We hypothesize that an increased incidence of clinical mastitis in high-producing cows is caused by the impairment of the udder defense mechanism during hyperketonemia. First, we review the acute phase of udder defense mechanisms after intramammary infection. The physiological changes of cows in negative energy balance are subsequently discussed. Finally, possible relationships between udder defense and physiological changes during negative energy balance, especially hyperketonemia, are reviewed. The three stages of an acute phase of udder defense are: (1) immediately eliminating invading pathogens by phagocytes, (2) releasing inflammatory substances, especially chemoattractants, and (3) migration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes into the infected udder. Leukocytes from hyperketonemia subjects show a lower capacity of the phagocytic defense mechanism. In addition, the phagocytic and bactericidal capacities of neutrophils are reduced when these cells are acting in the presence of high concentrations of ketone bodies. Lower amounts of cytokine production after bacterial infection are observed in ketotic subjects. The chemotactic capacity of blood leukocytes is impaired in leukocytes obtained from ketotic cows. Lower numbers of blood leukocytes are observed in ketotic cows. In conclusion, the impairment of the udder defense mechanism in negative energy balance cows seems related to hyperketonemia. ketosis / negative energy balance / mastitis / udder defense mechanism / cow Résumé -Hypercétonémie et diminution des défenses mammaires : une synthèse. L'objectif de cette étude est de présenter des relations possibles entre l'hypercétonémie et la fonction des phagocytes pour ce qui est des mécanismes de défense de la mamelle. Notre hypothèse est qu'une Vet. Res. 31 (2000) 397-412 397

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Ingestion and killing of Streptococcus agalactiae by bovine granulocytes in the presence of natural opsonins

Cited by 12 publications

References 14 publications

Milk and Serum J5-Specific Antibody Responses, Milk Production Change, and Clinical Effects following Intramammary Escherichia coli Challenge for J5 Vaccinate and Control Cows

Milk and Serum J5-Specific Antibody Responses, Milk Production Change, and Clinical Effects following Intramammary Escherichia coli Challenge for J5 Vaccinate and Control Cows

The complement in milk and defense of the bovine mammary gland against infections

Hyperketonemia and the impairment of udder defense: a review

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