Ingestão e hábitos alimentares de pré-escolares de três capitais da Amazônia Ocidental Brasileira: um enfoque especial à ingestão de Vitamina A

Abstract

RESUMO -Com objetivo de avaliar o consumo de energia, vitamina A, zinco e proteínas, bem como os hábitos alimentares de pré-escolares das capitais de Roraima (Boa Vista),Amazonas (Manaus) e Rondônia (Porto Velho) foi realizado um inquérito alimentar em 54, 238 e 78 crianças de ambos os sexos (sub-amostra de inquérito nutricional mais abrangente),respectivamente, em creches e pré-escolas, mediante os métodos recordatório de 24 horas e de freqüência de consumo de alguns alimentos fontes de vitamina A, em entrevista com a mãe ou responsável pela criança. Os resultados mostram que os alimentos mais consumidos foram pão, bolacha e biscoito, com 98,3%, seguidos pelo açúcar (95,1%), arroz (92,4%), óleo vegetal (86,0), farinha de mandioca (77,4%), tomate (70,1%) e café (69,5%). O consumo de alimentos de origem animal foi responsável por quase dois terços do total ingerido de vitamina A. Quanto à distribuição dos alimentos fontes de vitamina A, observou-se semelhança do seu consumo nas três cidades estudadas. O percentual de adequação de consumo evidenciou que a proteína foi o único nutriente consumido em níveis superiores à recomendação da "National Research Council", enquanto o aporte dietético de vitamina A foi de 84,0%, 68,4% e 63,8%, em Boa Vista, Manaus e Porto Velho, respectivamente, com inadequação, inclusive, para energia e zinco. Observou-se um padrão alimentar monótono e limitado, com baixo consumo de fontes de vitamina A pré-formada, de hortaliças e de frutas fontes de carotenóides pró-vitamínicos A típicos da Região Amazônica, como buriti, tucumã, pupunha e manga, quase todas sazonais, que não estavam na sua época por ocasião do inquérito. ABSTRACT -The objective of this study was to evaluate the intake of energy, vitamin A, zinc and protein, as well as food habits of 54, 238 and 78 pre-school children of both sexes, 3 to 6 years old, (wide hange of subsample of inquiry including nutritional), in the capitals of Roraima (Boa Vista),Amazonas (Manaus) and Rondônia (Porto Velho), respectively. Dietary assessments were performed with the parents or someone responsible for the child, using the 24 hour recall and food frequency questionnaire methods. Our results showed that bread, crackers and cookies were the most consumed foods (98,3%), followed by sugar (95,1%), rice (92,4%), vegetable oil (86,0), manioc flour (77,4%), tomato (70,1%) and coffee (69,5%).The intake of animal products was responsible for almost 2/3 of the total intake of vitamin A. The pattern of vitamin A sources consumption among the three cities was similar. Protein was the only nutrient in which the intake exceeded the recommendation, whereas zinc and energy intake were inadequate. Additionally, the consumption of vitamin A was, respectively, 84,0%, 68,4% and 63,8% in Boa Vista, Manaus and Porto Velho, of the recommended values. A monotonous and limited dietary pat-ACTA AMAZONICA 33(2): 263-274 Palavras-chave:

Brazilian studies on zinc deficiency and supplementation: emphasis on children

“…The quality criteria in which articles presented the greatest limitation were, in particular, proof of representativeness of the sample studied in relation to the study population (in observational and experimental studies); definition of main confounding factors (in observational studies) and description of loss of participant (in observational and experimental studies). Considering that all the articles had an average or high quality and that the main risks of bias were associated with the analysis of loss of participants and confounding factors, without negative effects on the objectives of the review, we decided to systematize all the studies The analysis of sample representativeness indicates that 15 studies 16,17,19,20,29,31,34,36,[38][39][40]42,[44][45][46] used a representative sample and random selection of participants, five 15,18,21,22,37 studied a large population percentage and ten 23,24,26,27,30,32,33,35,41,43 studied populations with no characteristic of representativeness. With the exception of two studies, 25,30 representativeness was guaranteed in all others that focused on preschool children (Tables 1 and 2).…”

“…Children were the most frequently studied group (n = 12). 15,[16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23]25,29,30 The Southeast Region concentrated most of the studies (n = 10), 18,19,[21][22][23][24][25][26][27]30 while the other regions had a maximum of four studies. The most commonly used biochemical indicators of zinc nutritional status were plasma zinc (n = 6), 15,18,24,27,28,30 serum zinc (n=5) 17,19,[21][22][23] and erythrocyte zinc (n = 3).…”

“…In this group, zinc biochemical deficiency above 10%, which represents a moderate public health problem according to IZiNCG, 9,49 was found in five (55.5%) 15,17,18,20,30 of the nine studies. 15,17,[18][19][20][21][22][23]30 Furthermore, dietetic inadequacy of dietary zinc above 25% was found in the three studies (100%) 16,18,29 that presented such results. Thus, on the basis of dietary and biochemical indicators, zinc deficiency among children is indicated as an important public health problem.…”

“…18,19,21,22,25,30 were performed in the Southeast, eight 15,[17][18][19][20][21][22]30 showed results of zinc deficiency prevalence using biochemical parameters, and five [16][17][18]25,29 presented results of zinc dietary inadequacy.…”

Determinação de vitamina A no leite de mães doadoras do banco de leite humano (BLH) de Manaus/AM: efeito do processamento

“…A baixa ingestão dessa vitamina também foi verificada em vários inquéritos dietéticos como o nutriente mais limitante na dieta da população de Manaus (Shrimpton et al, 1984). Estudos mais recentes, também encontraram baixo consumo dietético e níveis séricos deficientes de vitamina A (Marinho et al, 1991;Marinho & Roncada, 2003).…”