“…In previous works [5,7,10] of the RetinaCheck project, several retinal image analysis tools including automatic retinal vessel enhancement [1], segmentation [19][20][21], optic disc/fovea detection [8], artery/vein classification [10], caliber calculation [5], vessel curvature measurement [3] and fractal analysis [12,13] have been implemented to obtain important vessel biomarkers like central retinal arterial equivalent (CRAE), central retinal venous equivalent (CRVE), the arterial-venous diameter ratio (AVR), vessel tortuosity and fractal dimension. In Fig.…”