Infrasound Studies for Yield Estimation of HE Explosions

Golden, Paul; Howard, Jesse

doi:10.21236/ada564065

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Station noise levels produce noticeable scatter in period measurements, suggesting this may be a contributing cause to some of the large scatter, particularly for low SNR recordings. This is consistent with the results from Golden et al (2012) who found that the dominant frequency in some cases occurs within a broader plateau making period measurements imprecise. 2.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…6. Measurement uncertainty and/or broad frequency peaks leading to imprecise dominant period measurements (Golden et al, 2012) The goal of this study is to examine the infrasonic signals produced by a large sample of bolides, which have known properties as reported on the Web by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) 1 . These data are based on U.S. government sensor detections of bolides and report bolide characteristics including location, time, energy, height, speed, and entry angle for a subset of events.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Refinement of bolide characteristics from infrasound measurements

Brown

2017

Planetary and Space Science

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We have detected and performed signal measurements on 78 individual bolide events as recorded at 179 infrasound stations between 2006 and 2015. We compared period-yield relations with AFTAC nuclear period-yield data, finding these to be similar with a slight offset. Scatter in period measurements for individual bolide is found to be caused in part by station noise levels and by attenuation effects with range. No correlation was found between the infrasound signal period and any of bolide height at peak brightness, entry speed or impact angle. We examined in detail three well constrained bolides having energy deposition curves, known trajectories and infrasound detections finding some evidence at shorter ranges that a component of station period scatter is due to varying source heights sampled by different stations. However, for longer-range stations in these three case studies, we were not able to assign unique source heights using raytracing due to large uncertainties in atmospheric conditions. Our results suggest that while source height contributes to the observed variance in infrasound signal periods from a given bolide, range and station noise play a larger role.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Refinement of bolide characteristics from infrasound measurements

Brown

2017

Planetary and Space Science

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“…These percentiles differ by a factor of two per rocket type, whereas the total amplitude range spans over more than one magnitude order. Such uncertainties are not uncommon for infrasound-based yield/energy relations for explosion-like sources (Golden et al, 2012) because of underlying assumptions concerning propagation and detection conditions and source characteristics. We point out three simplified assumptions leading to Equation 1.…”

Section: Amplitude-energy Relationmentioning

confidence: 99%

1001 Rocket Launches for Space Missions and Their Infrasonic Signature

Pilger

Hupe

Gaebler

et al. 2021

Geophysical Research Letters

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Infrasound array processing is applied to monitor and characterize atmospheric explosions in the context of the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty. Anyhow, for many infrasound sources the exact location and time are initially unknown and sometimes difficult to precisely estimate afterwards. In contrast, rocket launches are well-defined groundtruth events generating strong infrasonic signatures. During the last decade, the number of rocket launches for sending satellites into Earths orbit and for reaching space strongly increased. We collected ground-truth information for 1001 rocket launches from 27 global spaceports between 2009 and mid 2020 and were able to identify infrasound signatures from up to 73% of the launches on the International Monitoring System of infrasound stations. We use these unique data to estimate the global detectability of such events, to characterize rocket infrasound, to derive an amplitude-energy relation, and to provide the results for further use as a ground-truth reference in geophysical and atmospheric research.

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Identifying attacks in the Russia–Ukraine conflict using seismic array data

Dando,

Goertz-Allmann,

Brissaud

et al. 2023

Nature

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Seismometers are generally used by the research community to study local or distant earthquakes, but seismograms also contain critical observations from regional1,2 and global explosions3, which can be used to better understand conflicts and identify potential breaches of international law. Although seismic, infrasound and hydroacoustic technology is used by the International Monitoring System4 to monitor nuclear explosions as part of the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty, the detection and location of lower-yield military attacks requires a network of sensors much closer to the source of the explosions. Obtaining comprehensive and objective data that can be used to effectively monitor an active conflict zone therefore remains a substantial challenge. Here we show how seismic waves generated by explosions in northern Ukraine and recorded by a local network of seismometers can be used to automatically identify individual attacks in close to real time, providing an unprecedented view of an active conflict zone. Between February and November 2022, we observed more than 1,200 explosions from the Kyiv, Zhytomyr and Chernihiv provinces, providing accurate origin times, locations and magnitudes. We identify a range of seismoacoustic signals associated with various types of military attack, with the resulting catalogue of explosions far exceeding the number of publicly reported attacks. Our results demonstrate that seismic data can be an effective tool for objective monitoring of a continuing conflict, providing invaluable information about potential breaches of international law.

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Infrasound Studies for Yield Estimation of HE Explosions

Abstract: This report is published in the interest of scientific and technical information exchange, and its publication does not constitute the Government's approval or disapproval of its ideas or findings.

Cited by 10 publications

References 0 publications

Refinement of bolide characteristics from infrasound measurements

Refinement of bolide characteristics from infrasound measurements

1001 Rocket Launches for Space Missions and Their Infrasonic Signature

Identifying attacks in the Russia–Ukraine conflict using seismic array data

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