Infrared Spectroscopy of Normal and Abnormal Cervical Smears: Evaluation by Principal Component Analysis

Cohenford, Menashi A.; Godwin, Thomas; Cahn, Frederick; Bhandare, Prashant; Caputo, Thomas A.; Rigas, Basil

doi:10.1006/gyno.1997.4627

Cited by 79 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Several comprehensive books and articles outline the field [22][23][24][25]. One area that has received considerable attention was the application of the FTIR technique to the diagnosis of cervical neoplasia [26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35]. Early studies reported spectral differences between exfoliated cells from patients diagnosed normal and dysplastic by cytological [26,27] and histological methods [28,30].…”

Section: The Infrared Alternativementioning

confidence: 99%

Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectral mapping of the cervical transformation zone, and dysplastic squamous epithelium

Wood

Chiriboga

Yee

et al. 2004

Gynecologic Oncology

209

164

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Objective-This paper is aimed at establishing infrared spectral patterns for the different tissue types found in, and for different stages of disease of squamous cervical epithelium. Methods for the unsupervised distinction of these tissue types are discussed.Methods-Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) maps of the squamous and glandular cervical epithelium, and of the cervical transformation zone, were obtained and analyzed by multivariate unsupervised hierarchical cluster methods. The resulting clusters are correlated to the corresponding stained histopathological features in the tissue sections.Results-Multivariate statistical analysis of FTIR spectra collected for tissue sections permit an unsupervised method of distinguishing tissue types, and of differentiating between normal and diseased tissue. By analyzing different spectral windows and comparing the results with histology, we found the amide I and II region (1740-1470 cm −1 ) to be very important in correlating anatomical and histopathological features in tissue to spectral clusters. Since an unsupervised, rather than a diagnostic, algorithm was used in these efforts, no statistical analysis of false-positive/false-negative results is reported at this time.Conclusions-The combination of FTIR micro-spectroscopy and multivariate spectral processing provides important insights into the fundamental spectral signatures of individual cells and consequently shows potential as a diagnostic tool for cervical cancer.

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Section: The Infrared Alternativementioning

confidence: 99%

Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectral mapping of the cervical transformation zone, and dysplastic squamous epithelium

Wood

Chiriboga

Yee

et al. 2004

Gynecologic Oncology

209

164

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Comprehensive reviews of the field have been published recently 5,6 . There have been a number of publications on IR spectroscopic studies of cervical tissues 7,8,9 and exfoliated cervical cells or cervical smears 10,11,12 . The main findings have been that IR spectra from normal cells exhibit intense glycogen bands whereas tumour cells exhibit pronounced nucleic acid bands and a reduction in the intensity of the glycogen bands.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The potential of vibrational spectroscopy in the early detection of cervical cancer: an exciting emerging field

Faoláin¹,

Hunter

Byrne

et al. 2005

SPIE Proceedings

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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons AttributionNoncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 License Recommended Citation OFaolain, E. et al. (2005) ABSTRACTThe application of vibrational spectroscopy to disease diagnosis is a relatively new, rapidly evolving scientific field. Techniques such as Raman and infrared spectroscopy have shown great promise in this regard over the past number of years. This study directly compared Raman spectroscopy and synchrotron infrared (SR-IR) spectroscopy on parallel cervical cancer samples. Both frozen and dewaxed formalin fixed paraffin preserved tissue sections were examined. Both tissue types produced good quality Raman and SR-IR spectra, although the lesser processed, frozen tissue sections displayed the most detailed spectra. Spectroscopy was shown capable of discriminating between different cell types in normal cervical tissue. Spectra recorded from invasive carcinoma showed a marked difference from those recorded from normal cervical epithelial cells. Spectral differences identified with the onset of carcinogenesis include increased nucleic acid contributions and decreased glycogen levels. These investigations pave the way for an enlarged study into this exciting new diagnostic field.

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“…Published studies of exfoliated cervical cells (4)(5)(6)(7)(8) have examined pelleted cells, with each spectrum resulting from all cells and extracellular components in the path of the IR beam. Although it appears intuitive that the spectral abnormalities originate in the abnormal cells, proof of this has never been provided.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytologically normal cells from neoplastic cervical samples display extensive structural abnormalities on IR spectroscopy: Implications for tumor biology

Cohenford

Rigas

1998

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

Self Cite

146

116

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Fourier-transform IR (FT-IR) spectra of pelleted exfoliated cervical cells from patients with cervical cancer or dysplasia differ from those from normal women. To study the origin of these spectral changes, we obtained the FT-IR spectra of individual cervical cells from normal, dysplastic, and malignant cervical samples. Ninety five percent of normal superficial and intermediate cells displayed two distinct spectral patterns designated A and B, and 5% displayed an intermediate pattern, suggesting extensive structural heterogeneity among these cells. Parabasal and endocervical cells showed pattern B spectra. The spectra of malignant, dysplastic, and other abnormal cells also were characterized. Analysis of FT-IR spectra of over 2,000 individual cells from 10 normal females, 7 females with dysplasia, and 5 females with squamous cell carcinoma revealed that the spectra of normal-appearing intermediate and superficial cells of the cervix from women with either dysplasia or cancer differed from those of normal women. Chemometric and classical spectroscopic analysis showed a continuum of changes paralleling the transition from normalcy to malignancy. These findings suggest that (i) the structural changes underlying the spectroscopic changes are involved in or are a product of cervical carcinogenesis and (ii) the neoplastic process may be more extensive than currently recognized with morphological criteria. This approach may be useful for the structural study of neoplasia and also may be of help in the diagnosis or classification of cervical disorders.Fourier-transform IR spectroscopy (FT-IR) is an emerging method for the study of cancer. We and others have observed that the FT-IR spectra of several human cancers-including colon, skin, and cervical cancer (1-5)-differ from those of their corresponding normal tissues. In cervical cancer, spectral abnormalities have been observed not only in malignant cervical scrapings but also in those with the premalignant condition cervical dysplasia. These findings suggest the occurrence of significant structural, chemical, or metabolic changes associated with cervical carcinogenesis, even at its early stages, and raise the possibility that IR spectroscopy may be useful in the diagnosis of cervical neoplasias.The origin of the spectral changes associated with cervical neoplasia remains unknown. Published studies of exfoliated cervical cells (4-8) have examined pelleted cells, with each spectrum resulting from all cells and extracellular components in the path of the IR beam. Although it appears intuitive that the spectral abnormalities originate in the abnormal cells, proof of this has never been provided. Furthermore, it seems paradoxical that pellets of neoplastic samples (in which the dysplastic or malignant cells are often Ͻ2% of the total) generate grossly abnormal spectra.Resolving these issues requires assessment of the contribution of the individual cellular and noncellular components to the spectra of cervical pellets. To this end, we have developed an approach to o...

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Infrared Spectroscopy of Normal and Abnormal Cervical Smears: Evaluation by Principal Component Analysis

Cited by 79 publications

References 8 publications

Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectral mapping of the cervical transformation zone, and dysplastic squamous epithelium

Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectral mapping of the cervical transformation zone, and dysplastic squamous epithelium

The potential of vibrational spectroscopy in the early detection of cervical cancer: an exciting emerging field

Cytologically normal cells from neoplastic cervical samples display extensive structural abnormalities on IR spectroscopy: Implications for tumor biology

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