Infrared Spectroscopy in Cancer Diagnosis and Chemotherapy Monitoring

Abstract

We demonstrate that IR spectroscopic analysis can be used in diagnosis and chemotherapy monitoring for cancers of various organs at the molecular level. We used Fourier transform IR spectroscopy to study human breast and thyroid tumor tissues which were removed during surgery. The characteristic frequencies of C=O stretching vibrations in the IR spectra of tissues of pathological foci were compared with data from histological examination. In the IR spectra of healthy tissues or for benign tumors, the most intense absorption bands ν(C=O) are located in the interval 1675-1650 cm -1 . When malignant neoplasms are present in the organs, the intensity of the bands in this range of the spectrum is reduced, while the intensities of the absorption bands in the 1710-1680 cm -1 interval increase. We also studied lung tissue for mice of the C 57 B1/6 line for healthy tissue and after implantation of B-16 melanoma tumor. The IR spectra of healthy mouse lung tissue and mouse lung tissue with B-16 melanoma metastases in the region of the C=O stretching vibrations display the same differences. We found that when lung malignancy was treated with the optimal dose of a synthesized drug based on palladium complexes of methylenediphosphonic acid, the spectroscopic signs of the presence of metastases in the lungs disappear, and the IR spectrum of the lung tissue after treatment practically coincides with the spectrum of healthy lung tissue.Introduction. In connection with the steady trend of increasing illness and death from malignant neoplasms, an important problem in modern science and medicine is prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of such diseases. Diagnosis of malignant neoplasms is a very complicated area in oncology, since tumors do not always result in specifi c clinical symptoms, especially in the early stages [1, 2]. Vibrational spectroscopy methods, which detect malignancy in organs at the level of vibrations of molecular fragments [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14], are promising for this avenue of study. Information obtained by IR and Raman spectroscopy methods can reveal, at the molecular level, special features of malignancy which in the early stages of tumor development are not apparent in the cell structure or cause problems for proper verifi cation of the tumor process. However, to date no universal signs have been observed by these methods in the IR and Raman spectra which unambiguously, consistently, and reliably determine the presence of malignancy in various human and animal organs.In treatment of cancers, the best effect is achieved when combining surgical methods, radiation, and chemotherapy [15]. The main task of chemotherapy is targeted delivery of a low-toxicity therapeutic substrate to the organ attacked by the disease. Development of methods for synthesis of new low-toxicity compounds meeting these requirements is needed. In addition to identifi cation of universal spectroscopic signs of the presence of malignancy in the organs, there is also scientifi c and practical interest in the use of IR spe...

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