Infrared Spectroscopy and Raman Spectroscopy of Semiconductor

Abstract

Vibrational spectroscopy is used to study a very wide range of sample types, from organic materials to inorganic materials, and can be carried out from a simple identification test to an in‐depth, full‐spectrum, qualitative, and quantitative analysis. Samples are examined either in bulk or in microscopic amounts over a wide range of temperatures and physical states such as gases, liquids, latexes, powders, films, fibers, and organic tissues. Vibrational spectroscopy has many applications, for example characterization of orientation, crystallinity, or chemical bonding structure of a molecule, and provides solution to a host of important and challenging analytical problems. Especially, infrared (IR) and Raman spectroscopy are complementary techniques, and both techniques are usually required to completely measure the vibrational modes of a molecule, a solid or in a solution. Although some vibrational modes may be active in both IR and Raman, both spectroscopies arise from different mechanisms and different selection rules. Generally, IR spectroscopy is the most effective at asymmetric vibrations of polar groups, whereas Raman spectroscopy is the most effective at symmetric vibrations of nonpolar groups. In this article, some applications for semiconductors, using IR and Raman spectroscopy, are introduced.