Infrared spectroscopic studies on the interactions of pour point depressants with asphaltene, resin and wax fractions of Bombay high crude

Control of n-alkanes crystallization by ethylene–vinyl acetate copolymers

“…show any evidence of interactions between EVA and C 24 D 50 in CCl 4 solution at room temperature, though this method proved to be quite efficient for that purpose [46]. Aggregation phenomena in solution have already been observed by means of light scattering in quite a different system (hexadecane in ethylbenzene) as approaching the crystallization temperature [37,38,53].…”

“…The paraffin crystals precipitating at low temperature from paraffin solutions were analyzed in terms of size, crystal habit, and chemical composition for four different systems with either a narrow or a broad distribution of paraffins and either ethylbenzene or kerosene as a matrix. Last, the interactions between a pure paraffin and the EVA copolymer have been investigated in EVA-paraffin blends by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and IR spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction, which proved to be wellsuited techniques in that case [46].…”

Settling of paraffin crystals in cooled middle distillate fuels

“…In particular, asphaltenes are known to improve the stability of paraffin crystal suspension [31]. A model diesel oil was designed as a 4 wt% solution of a n-alkane mixture in kerosene.…”

Wax Aggregation Inhibition in Crude Oil by Oxirane Ester Copolymer

“…Similarly, the FTIR spectrum of the wax molecules ( Figure 5) shows the vibrational bands at 2918 and 2852 cm -1 are for stretching vibration, and the bands at 1467 and 1379 cm -1 are for the bending vibration of the -CH group. The frequency vibration of a long chain carbon of the hydrophobic group appears at 722 cm -1 (Suryanaraya et al, 1990). When wax was mixed with OEC ( Figure 5), the vibrational band at 722 cm -1 strengthened due to the hydrophobic bond of the long chain carbon of both compounds.…”

“…The molecular structure of the OEC compound is shown in Figure 8. As shown in Figure 5, the FTIR spectrum of OEC shows vibrational bands at 2932 and 2851 cm -1 , related to the stretching vibration of the -CH group, and around 722 cm -1 , related to the vibrations of a long chain carbon of the hydrophobic group (Suryanaraya et al, 1990). The vibrational band at 1732 cm -1 is due to the -C=O of the ester group, while those at 1160 and 1054 cm -1 are attributed to the oxirane group, and those at 1604 and 1494 cm -1 are related to the aromatic group.…”