Infrared spectrometry of polymers in the overtone and combination regions

Foster, George N.; Row, Stuart B.; Griskey, Richard G.

doi:10.1002/app.1964.070080325

Cited by 33 publications

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“…The wavelengths used in these models have been attributed to and assigned characteristic bands of the nylon functional groups by several authors [2,3,5,6,12,13,20,21 ]. For the nylon 6 yarn, the regression model contained filters 5 (2.25 ~t), 7 (2.13 ~), 10 Figures 2, 3, and 4.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determining Heatset Temperature by Near-Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy

Ghosh

Rodgers

1985

Textile Research Journal

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Heat has a significant impact on the molecular structure of nylon 6 and 66, which in turn changes the yarns' physical and chemical properties and their morphological response to further processing. One of the major components of heatsetting is the temperature at which the yarn is heatset. Nylon 6 and 66 yams were heatset at different temperatures in a Suessen unit, and near infrared (NIRA) and x-ray diffraction analyses were then made on these samples. A regression modeled calibration curve was established by measuring the NIRA reflectance of yams heatset at known temperatures. This curve was in turn used to determine effectively the heatset temperature of nylon 6 and 66 yams. Correlation of the NIRA data with the x-ray diffraction data indicates that the NIRA regression models detect and measure crystalline perfection and growth with the increase in Suessen heatset temperature.Heatsetting is one of the most critical processes in carpet yarn manufacturing, and can greatly influence the quality and aesthetics of a carpet. Several studies related to carpet yarn manufacturing [1] have shown that small variations in temperature during the setting of the yarn can cause a streak in a carpet. A streak is a visual pattern parallel to the tufting direction caused by physical, optical, or dye differences in the yarn. Since the introduction of the continuous heatsetting process (e.g., Superba or Suessen), carpet yarns have become more susceptible to streakiness, due, in part, to two factors: first, the larger number of settings and controls in these dynamic processes can readily deviate from the standard by operator choice or by normal fluctuations of the systems; second, straighter yarn tufts produced by some of these systems present a more perfect background for yarn defects to appear in the carpets.Various techniques, such as x-ray diffraction and thermal methods of analysis, used to estimate the heat history of nylon or polyester yarns are not suitable for routine quality control because of the time required to perform the test. We have recently investigated the use of near infrared spectroscopy to measure the heat histories of Suessen set nylon carpet yarns. The Technicon InfraAlyzer 400TXTM used in this study was easy to operate and a fast instrument for accurately detecting heat history differences in nylon carpet yarns.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determining Heatset Temperature by Near-Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy

Ghosh

Rodgers

1985

Textile Research Journal

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“…Until now, all existing NIR identification techniques [2-51 concentrate on the first overtones of the CH-stretching vibrations (between 1650 and 1800 nm) [6,7]. These bands produce strong spectral features, allowing of high signal-to-noise ratios (SNR).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

NIR - Remote sensing and artificial neural networks for rapid identification of post consumer plastics

Huth-Fehre

Feldhoff

Kantimm

et al. 1995

Journal of Molecular Structure

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“…The first region, comprising wavelengths 1500 to 1900 nm, contains mainly the first overtones of the C-H stretch vibrations, while the second region, comprising wavelengths 1900 to 2400 nm, contains combination bands arising from C-H stretch and other principal modes of vibration (16). In the spectrum of PS, the peaks at 1680 nm and 2167 nm can be tentatively assigned to first 1.0 , I overtone and combination bands of aromatic C-H group, respectively (17,18). The smaller peaks at 1763 and 2289 nm can be tentatively assigned to first overtone and combination bands of the methylene group in PS, respectively (17,18).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

In‐line monitoring of molten polymers: Near infrared spectroscopy, robust probes, and rapid data analysis

Hansen

Khettry

1994

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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The concept of improved product quality and reduced costs has revolutionized analytical techniques in the polymer industry. It has brought in‐line analysis to the forefront, with near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy proving to be a very viable technique for such operations. A system for continuous in‐line near infrared monitoring of molten polymer blends, copolymers, and polymer reactions is being developed. The ultimate objective is to use this monitoring system to develop feedback control for polymeric processes. Experiments on blends of polystyrene and poly(phenylene oxide) have been performed by using a flow cell, located at the exit port of a single‐screw extruder. Qualitative analysis of spectral data has been substantiated by a variety of quantitative (multivariate) techniques. Robust calibration models, suitable for on‐line predictions, have been developed. The success of in‐line process analysis depends on the performance of fiber‐optic probes that are inserted into the process stream. These probes normally succumb to the demands of the rigorous process environment, typical of polymeric processes, i.e., high temperatures, high pressures, and adverse chemical conditions. Design and development of fiber‐optic probes that are capable of withstanding such harsh conditions have also been undertaken. Results will be reported on the polymeric systems and optical probes.

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Infrared spectrometry of polymers in the overtone and combination regions

Cited by 33 publications

References 0 publications

Determining Heatset Temperature by Near-Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy

Determining Heatset Temperature by Near-Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy

NIR - Remote sensing and artificial neural networks for rapid identification of post consumer plastics

In‐line monitoring of molten polymers: Near infrared spectroscopy, robust probes, and rapid data analysis

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