Infrared spectra and assignments for polyvinyl chloride and deuterated analogs

Krimm, Samuel; Folt, V. L.; Shipman, J. J.; Berens, A. R.

doi:10.1002/pol.1963.100010809

Cited by 80 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 21 Inset picture in (b) shows the corresponding color change after reaction. Peak assignments obtained from ref [ 48 ], while vibration descriptors are consistent with the notation given in ref [ 47 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Understanding the Chemical Stability of Polymers for Lithium–Air Batteries

et al. 2015

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Recent studies have shown that many aprotic electrolytes used in lithium-air batteries are not stable against superoxide and peroxide species formed upon discharge and charge. However, the stability of polymers often used as binders and as electrolytes is poorly understood. In this work, we select a number of polymers heavily used in the Li-air/Li-ion battery literature, and examine their stability, and the changes in molecular structure in the presence of commercial Li 2 O 2 . Of the polymers studied, poly (acrylonitrile) (PAN), poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC), poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF), poly(vinylidene fluoride-cohexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-HFP), and poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) are reactive and unstable in the presence of Li 2 O 2 . The presence of the electrophilic nitrile group in PAN allows for nucleophilic attack by Li 2 O 2 at the nitrile carbon, before further degradation of the polymer backbone. For the halogenated polymers, the presence of the electron-withdrawing halogens, and adjacent alpha and beta hydrogen atoms that become electron-deficient due to hyperconjugation makes PVC, PVDF, and PVDF-HFP undergo dehydrohalogenation reactions with Li 2 O 2 . PVP is also reactive, but with much slower kinetics. On the other hand, the polymers poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE), Nafion ® , and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) appear stable against nucleophilic Li 2 O 2 attack. The lack of labile hydrogen atoms and the poor leaving nature of the fluoride group allows for the stability of PTFE and Nafion ® , while the methyl and methoxy functionalities in PMMA reduce the number of potential reaction pathways for Li 2 O 2 attack in PMMA. Polyethylene oxide (PEO) appears relatively stable, but may undergo some crosslinking in the presence of Li 2 O 2 . Knowledge gained from this work will be essential in selecting and developing new polymers as stable binders and solid or gel electrolytes for lithiumair batteries.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Understanding the Chemical Stability of Polymers for Lithium–Air Batteries

et al. 2015

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“…[5][6][7][8] reveals a rather complicated behavior of the benzenethiolate 750 cm-' and 690 cm-' bands. The relationships are not linear in either solvent.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Local chain configuration dependence of the mechanisms of analogous reactions of PVC. II. A further evidence through the changes in conformationally sensitive FTIR bands with degree of nucleophilic substitution

Guarrotxena

Martínez

Millán

1996

J. Polym. Sci. A Polym. Chem.

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The evolution of the ν C (SINGLE BOND) Cl bands of the infrared spectrum of a Bernoullian though slightly isotactic poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC), with both the degree of SN2 substitution reaction with sodium benzenethiolate, as studied earlier, and the increase of the nucleophile infrared bands, has been studied by FTIR spectroscopy. In a parallel way, the changes in the same bands, in particular those at 615 and 637 cm−1, presumably induced by SN2 substitution, have been estimated, theoretically, by comparing the sequential order and the number of the distinct conformationally sensitive vibration modes of C(SINGLE BOND)Cl bond, prior and after substitution, for a series of polymer sequences containing the reactive sites, namely the isotactic mmr tetrad and the heterotactic rmrr pentad, according to earlier work. The experimental behaviour of the νC(SINGLE BOND)Cl bands is found to be in close agreement with the theoretical expectations, thereby allowing two main conclusions to be drawn: (i) during the early stage going up to conversions of 10–12%, the reaction proceeds in a nearly exclusive manner, by the mmr and rmrr terminal of long isotactic and syndiotactic sequences, respectively; and (ii) any reaction event throughout the substitution process proves to be highly dependent upon the local environment in which each of the foregoing reactive structures finds itself. In summary, the local configurational nature of the mechanisms of analogous reactions of polymers is strongly suggested on the grounds of the results given herein. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

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“…Some researchers [34][35][36] have shown that the C-Cl stretching bands of PVC, which normally occur at α (690 cmˉ1), β (638 cmˉ1), γ (615 cmˉ1) and δ (603 cmˉ1), are sensitive to crystallinity, stereo regularity, and configuration of the polymer chain. These end-group vibrations of the polymer segment are sensitive to the interaction of the other constituents of the complex.…”

Section: Ftir Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Ionic conduction behavior in PVC–PEG blend polymer electrolytes upon the addition of TiO2

Rajendran

Babu

Devi

2008

Ionics

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The blend-based polymer electrolyte consisting of poly (vinyl chloride) (PVC) and poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG) as host polymers and lithium perchlorate (LiClO 4 ) as the complexing salt was studied. An attempt was made to investigate the effect of TiO 2 concentration in the unplasticized PVC-PEG polymer electrolyte system. The XRD and FTIR studies confirm the formation of a polymer-salt complex. The conductivity results indicate that the incorporation of ceramic filler up to a certain concentration (15 wt.%) increases the ionic conductivity and upon further addition the conductivity decreases. The maximum ionic conductivity 0.012×10 −4 S cm −1 is obtained for PVC-PEG-LiClO 4 -TiO 2 (75-25-5-15) system. Thermal stability of the polymer electrolyte is ascertained from TG/DTA studies.

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Infrared spectra and assignments for polyvinyl chloride and deuterated analogs

Cited by 80 publications

References 18 publications

Understanding the Chemical Stability of Polymers for Lithium–Air Batteries

Understanding the Chemical Stability of Polymers for Lithium–Air Batteries

Local chain configuration dependence of the mechanisms of analogous reactions of PVC. II. A further evidence through the changes in conformationally sensitive FTIR bands with degree of nucleophilic substitution

Ionic conduction behavior in PVC–PEG blend polymer electrolytes upon the addition of TiO2

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