Infrared Reflectance Requirements of the Surrogate Grass from Various Viewing Angles

Shen, Dan; Liu, Lin; Saha, Abir; Chien, Stanley; Yan, Qiang; Sherony, Rini

doi:10.4271/2019-01-1019

Cited by 1 publication

(5 citation statements)

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“…For any artificial turf blade taller than 2 inches, it needs to be filled with filler (sand or plastic ball) to support the erection of grass blade, which makes the artificial turf not movable after been installed. In addition, our previous studies revealed that the IR and radar features are not affected by the height of grass, and the color evenness and height evenness are closely correlated [21,22]. Therefore, it is believed that the shorter blade of artificial turf may be modified to satisfy all requirements of surrogate grass.…”

Section: A Selection Of Artificial Turf As the Base For Surrogate Gra...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“… Blades leaning towards the probe of the spectrometer  Blades leaning away from the probe of the spectrometer  Blades leaning sideways from the probe of the spectrometer An ASD FieldSpec Pro spectrometer (Analytical Spectral Devices, Inc.) was used to measure the reflectance spectra of the artificial turf. The detailed description of the measurement methods, equipment, and setup can be found in [22]. The definition of the illumination angle and measurement angle is shown in Fig.…”

Section: Ir Characteristics Of Artificial Turfmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…5 shows the IR reflectance of the turf from three blade leaning directions at 0°, 20°, 40°, and 70° measurement angles, respectively. The representative IR reflectance range (upper and lower threshold) of surrogate grass [22] is also shown as red curves. The black, blue and green curves are the IR reflectance of the grass blades leaning away and sideways from the probe, and towards the probe, respectively.…”

Section: Ir Characteristics Of Artificial Turfmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To develop surrogate grass that can satisfy the color, LiDAR (infrared, IR), and radar characteristics of real grass, we have investigated the characteristics of real grass in the view of RDMS sensors (LiDAR, radar, and camera) [20][21][22]. Yi et al [20] developed a grass dataset, including 2,443 locations with grass road edge from their road edge samples database that covers all different road levels in 50 U.S. states.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Based on the measurements, the radar characteristics of grass under various measurement conditions were recommended [21]. Shen et al [22] studied the near-infrared (LiDAR) spectral features of eight selected kinds of grass and determined the reflectance range of grass in various measurement conditions. The representative IR reflectivity of grass at 0°-70° viewing angles were identified for guiding the surrogate grass development.…”

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Development of Surrogate Grass for the Evaluation of Vehicle Road Departure Mitigation Systems

Chien

Zhou

Yan

et al. 2020

2020 IEEE 23rd International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC)

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Vehicle road departure mitigation system (RDMS), as new active safety technology, has been introduced into the market in recent years. This system can detect roadside objects and road edges to reduce the risk of roadway departure crashes. To evaluate and improve the performance of RDMS, surrogates of roadside objects, which have the same camera, radar, and LiDAR characteristics of the real objects, need to be developed. Grass is the most common road edge in the U.S. as seen from the real road data. This paper describes the development of surrogate grass. The LiDAR (infrared) and radar characteristics of the selected artificial turf (grass) are obtained and compared with those of real grass. In order to make the surrogate grass match the real grass in the view of sensors (LiDAR, radar and camera), a special color coating with high reflectance material is applied to the artificial turf. Both LiDAR and radar measurements confirmed that the surrogate grass closely match the key characteristics of the real grass. Five grass colors and eighteen color patterns were identified based on 1,021 grass road-edge samples from all states of the U.S. 300-meter long surrogate grass was made and successfully used on the test track for the vehicle RDMS evaluation. I. INTRODUCTIONRoad departure is a major cause of fatal vehicle crashes in the U.S. [1][2][3][4]. Based on the data from the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), an average of 19,223 fatalities occurred per year due to the road departure from 2015 to 2017, accounting for 52% of all the traffic fatalities in the U.S. [5]. Considering the severity of the road departure crash, advanced active safety technology, such as roadway departure mitigation system (RDMS), has been developed and introduced into the market in recent years for reducing the road departure crashes [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. The RDMS is designed to have the capability of detecting the road edges/boundaries and recognizing the roadside objects, even when the lane marking is unclear or does not exist.However, to the best knowledge of the authors, the standard testing procedures and equipment for evaluating the performance of RDMS have not been fully developed. Hence, it is imperative to research and develop methods,

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Section: A Selection Of Artificial Turf As the Base For Surrogate Gra...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ir Characteristics Of Artificial Turfmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ir Characteristics Of Artificial Turfmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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