To interpret the data of transient nonlinear spectroscopy of cooper-oxide high-temperature superconductors, a phenomenological model, describing "magneto-dipole" self-organization of holes in 2 planes and kinetics of the corresponding phase transition, has been developed. It has been shown that, for the exchange energy 1 00 meV and the doping level (n) 0.1 hole/cell, the temperature T decrease below the critical point T* 1 50 K leads to formation of a spatially non-unilorm distribution of holes (the 'stripe-structure") and to appearance of corresponding energy gap in the electronic structure. Calculated steady-state dependencies of T* on (n) and ofthe gap width on T agree with the known experimental data. The predicted phase transition kinetics depends on the initial temperature T . When T* < T < Tm (i .4 ÷ 1 .5) T* the stripe-structure decay is rather slow (-4O s and more) two-stage process. During the first stage, a large-scale fluctuation of an average dipole moment is formed and after that the spatial region, entrained in the fluctuation, broadens as the phase switching wave.
. INTRODUCTIONDiscovery [1] ofhigh-temperature superconductivity (HTSC) of copper-oxide compounds has led to explosion of scientific activity. Analysis of experimental data has shown [2][3][4] that all such compounds are ion semiconductors and their "metal" conductivity is connected with defects i.e. with violations ofstoichiometry ("doping"). Electronic structure of the compounds is determined by an interaction of"well" and "badly" localized electronic states, which are sensitive to shortrange ordering of atoms. Strong anisotropy leads to quasi-two-dimensional (2D) character ofthe Fermi surface.A general property of all such compounds is ordered spins s of Cu ions in so-called Cu02 planes. In stochiometric compositions, these ions (usually denoted as Cu2) have "holes" ( s = 1/2 ) inside their 3d-shells. Indirect (through 0 ions) L'\haflgc interaction establishes long-range antiferromagnetic order with rather high critical temperature TN = 300 ÷ 500K [5]. Neutron-scattering studying of metal-phase La2CuO4 and YBa2Cu3O7_ has not found long-range magnetic order but has revealed rather strong and broadband spin fluctuations [6]. It has been shown that magnetic moments of Cu2 ions are ordered in antiferromagnetic way and magnetic moment localized on so-called Cul ions (in Cu -0 chains) is zeroed.Diffusion magnetic scattering has enabled one to determine the dependence ofthe spin correlation length m on the mean concentration ofholes (n) in Cu02 planes [7]. Inelastic neutron scattering has enabled one to find the constants of exchange interaction between two nearest Cu2 ions ( 2J 0,170 eV), Cu2 ions oftwo nearest CuO2 planes ( 2b 10_2 2J ), Cu2 and Cul ions ( 2J' iO-5 2J ) for YBa2Cu3O7_ [8]. Analogous data have been obtained for La26SrCuO4 [9]. These measurements have proved quasi-2D character of spin dynamics in copper-oxide compounds.The nature of energy gap in electronic structure is very important for understanding of HTSC phenomena. In ...