“…However, the relative strengths of each phonon will depend on the orientation of the dipole moment relative to the plane of the sample: phonons with in-plane dipole moments will have a larger contribution to the effective optical constants. 19,20 The dipole moments of the A u phonon modes, which lie parallel to b M , are at 45 degrees out of the plane of the substrate in this film geometry. In contrast, the B u modes have dipole moments in the a M -c M plane.…”
Section: B Ir Active Phonons and Lattice Dynamicsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The infrared active phonons in VO 2 crystals have been previously characterized by optical spectroscopy. 19,20 It is not unusual that we resolve fewer than the expected 15 infrared-active phonons, as some VO 2 phonons overlap. Moreover, the sample is a thin film, resulting in much weaker phonon features in comparison to those of the quartz substrate which dominate the measured spectrum in this region.…”
Section: B Ir Active Phonons and Lattice Dynamicsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Previous infrared and optical spectroscopy experiments have been performed on bulk VO 2 and thin films. [12][13][14]19,20 However, VO 2 films grown on different substrates and by different techniques can have significantly different strain states and microstructure. Because of the extreme sensitivity to external parameters in strongly correlated systems mentioned previously, accurate characterization of the strain and microstructure of various films, and the resultant emergent properties, can provide additional insight into the physics of these materials.…”
Vanadium dioxide (VO 2 ) undergoes a phase transition between an insulating monoclinic (M 1 ) phase and a conducting rutile phase. Like other correlated electron systems, the properties of VO 2 can be extremely sensitive to small changes in external parameters such as strain. In this work, we investigate a compressively strained VO 2 film grown on [001] quartz substrate in which the phase transition temperature (T c ) has been depressed to 325K from the bulk value of 340K. Infrared and optical spectroscopy reveals that the lattice dynamics of this strained film are very similar to unstrained VO 2 . However, some of the electronic inter-band transitions of the strained VO 2 film are significantly shifted in energy from those in unstrained VO 2 . That the lattice dynamics remain largely unchanged, while the T c and some of the electronic inter-band transitions differ substantially from the bulk values highlight the role of electronic correlations in driving this metal-insulator phase transition.
“…However, the relative strengths of each phonon will depend on the orientation of the dipole moment relative to the plane of the sample: phonons with in-plane dipole moments will have a larger contribution to the effective optical constants. 19,20 The dipole moments of the A u phonon modes, which lie parallel to b M , are at 45 degrees out of the plane of the substrate in this film geometry. In contrast, the B u modes have dipole moments in the a M -c M plane.…”
Section: B Ir Active Phonons and Lattice Dynamicsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The infrared active phonons in VO 2 crystals have been previously characterized by optical spectroscopy. 19,20 It is not unusual that we resolve fewer than the expected 15 infrared-active phonons, as some VO 2 phonons overlap. Moreover, the sample is a thin film, resulting in much weaker phonon features in comparison to those of the quartz substrate which dominate the measured spectrum in this region.…”
Section: B Ir Active Phonons and Lattice Dynamicsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Previous infrared and optical spectroscopy experiments have been performed on bulk VO 2 and thin films. [12][13][14]19,20 However, VO 2 films grown on different substrates and by different techniques can have significantly different strain states and microstructure. Because of the extreme sensitivity to external parameters in strongly correlated systems mentioned previously, accurate characterization of the strain and microstructure of various films, and the resultant emergent properties, can provide additional insight into the physics of these materials.…”
Vanadium dioxide (VO 2 ) undergoes a phase transition between an insulating monoclinic (M 1 ) phase and a conducting rutile phase. Like other correlated electron systems, the properties of VO 2 can be extremely sensitive to small changes in external parameters such as strain. In this work, we investigate a compressively strained VO 2 film grown on [001] quartz substrate in which the phase transition temperature (T c ) has been depressed to 325K from the bulk value of 340K. Infrared and optical spectroscopy reveals that the lattice dynamics of this strained film are very similar to unstrained VO 2 . However, some of the electronic inter-band transitions of the strained VO 2 film are significantly shifted in energy from those in unstrained VO 2 . That the lattice dynamics remain largely unchanged, while the T c and some of the electronic inter-band transitions differ substantially from the bulk values highlight the role of electronic correlations in driving this metal-insulator phase transition.
“…Moreover the curve displays the anticipated hysteresis with a bandwidth of the order of 8°C. This hysteresis corresponding to the heating-cooling phenomenon of the host VO 2 matrix is related to the degree of crystallinity of the host matrix (55)(56)(57). The sharpness of the temperature variation of the surface plasmon wavelength in the vicinity of Tc is due to the fact that the host VO 2 matrix is highly crystalline as shown by the principal VO 2 narrow (111) Bragg peak (51).…”
Section: Figurementioning
confidence: 99%
“…Hence, to smooth out the abrupt temperature variation in the vicinity of T c , two options could be considered. The first involves minimizing the crystallinity of the host VO 2 matrix while the second involves tungsten doping of the same matrix (50,(55)(56)(57). There is an alternative option which involves using a combination of Ti 2 O 3 with the VO 2 host matrix.…”
A new type of photo-active nano-composite material appropriate for Ultra-fast Nonlinear Optical (3) ( ) applications has been synthesized and optically characterized. Compared to standard noble metal particles-oxide nano-composites exhibiting a superior effective (3) ( ) due to the enhancement of the local electric field, these Au-VO 2 nano-composites display an additional reversibly tunable surface plasmon frequency under external temperature stimuli. Such a smart plasmon tunability is correlated to the Mott's type semiconducting/metallic 1st order transition of the host VO 2 matrix. The nano-gold surface plasmon wavelength shifts reversibly from 645 nm to 598nm when the Au-VO 2 nano-composites temperature varies from 25°C to 120°C.
Thermochromism is a reversible change in spectral properties as a result of heating and cooling. Usually the response is visible. It is observed in complexed metals, in both inorganic and organic materials generally, and in all phases of matter, though predominately in solids and solutions. There are thousands of examples in the solid and liquid phases, a few examples of which are given here. These examples have been selected to indicate the scope of transition mecanisms tat contribute to this interesting chromogenic materials category. The breadth of the subject is evident from the bibliography. It includes, on the one hand, literature that has been generated in the circle of the inorganic chemist, as well as references that are from the literature of the physicist and also the organic chemist. Indeed, thermochromism is an encompassing subject.
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