Infrared Lattice Bands of Quartz

Spitzer, W. G.; Kleinman, D. A.

doi:10.1103/physrev.121.1324

Cited by 642 publications

(274 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…We obtained our best results for the 32S state. This state does not have resonant overlap with the known polariton lines of quartz [22] and we observe an EIT signal that is suitable for coherent manipulations of the dynamics in the ∼ 1µm region of the cell. The frequency shifts and line broadening are only on the order of a few 10 MHz.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 91%

Coherent excitation of Rydberg atoms in micrometre-sized atomic vapour cells

Kübler¹,

Shaffer²,

Baluktsian³

et al. 2010

Nature Photon

186

178

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The coherent control of mesoscopic ensembles of atoms and Rydberg atom blockade are the basis for proposed quantum devices such as integrable gates and single photon sources. So far, experimental progress has been limited to complex experimental setups that use ultracold atoms. Here, we show that coherence times of ∼ 100 ns are achievable with coherent Rydberg atom spectroscopy in µm sized thermal vapor cells. We investigated states with principle quantum numbers between 30 and 50. Our results demonstrate that microcells with a size on the order of the blockade radius, ∼ 2 µm, at temperatures of 100 − 300 • C are robust, promising candidates to investigate low dimensional strongly interacting Rydberg gases, construct quantum gates and build single photon sources.Recently, the mutual interaction between highly excited Rydberg atoms in dense frozen samples has lead to the observation of Rydberg atom excitation blockade [1,2,3]. In Rydberg atom blockade, the excitation of more than one Rydberg atom within a blockade volume is suppressed as the mutual interaction between Rydberg atoms at internuclear separations on the order of micrometers shifts the atomic state out of resonance with a narrow band excitation laser. The corresponding blockade radius, a block , is on the order of several µm for Rydberg states in the range of n= 30 − 50. For example, the 32S state of Rb excited by a 1 MHz bandwidth laser has a block = 2 µm for an ensemble of atoms that do not move on the timescale of excitation [4]. As the huge interaction between individual Rydberg atoms can lead to controlled entanglement of atomic ensembles, Rydberg atom blockade is the basis for several proposals to realize photonic quantum devices, like single photon sources and quantum gates [5,6]. The first promising experimental steps toward this goal using individual well localized pairs of ultracold atoms have been reported [7,8]. Experiments on collective entanglement of ensembles of ultracold atoms have also been performed [1].A technologically interesting alternative approach to ultracold atoms would be to realize Rydberg atom quantum photonic devices in thermal Rb vapor microcells. For this idea, we envision arrays of small blockade sized vapor cells (cavities) etched in glass that can be connected by optical wave guides in a monolithic structure. In such a device, Rydberg atom quantum gates may be realized with mesoscopic ensembles of thermal atoms. Some of the advantages of this approach are the ability to exploit advances in microstructuring technology [9,10,11], the relative simplicity of maintaining and regenerating the sample, the collective enhancement of the laser matter dynamics, and the scalability. We also point out here that a block has a strong scaling with the atomic separation R, proportional to R 6 in the case of Van der Waals interactions. This means that its value for atoms frozen in place only decreases by approximately 2.7 for a thermal distribution of atoms at T = 300 • C, since a block ∝ 6 √ Doppler width.An important point for usin...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 91%

Coherent excitation of Rydberg atoms in micrometre-sized atomic vapour cells

Kübler¹,

Shaffer²,

Baluktsian³

et al. 2010

Nature Photon

186

178

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“…In our model we used silicates with olivine composition (FeMgSiO 4 , Dorschner et al 1995), the most abundant interstellar silicate species, as well as amorphous silica (Spitzer & Kleinman 1960). For both species we fitted the observation using spherical grains with radii between 0.1 and 100 µm.…”

Section: Dominant Dust Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Grain growth and dust settling in a brown dwarf disk

Apai¹,

Pascucci²,

Sterzik

et al. 2004

A&A

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Abstract. We present accurate mid-infrared observations of the disk around the young, bona fide brown dwarf CFHT-BD-Tau 4. We report GEMINI/T-ReCS measurements in the 7.9, 10.4 and 12.3 µm filters, from which we infer the presence of a prominent, broad silicate emission feature. The shape of the silicate feature is dominated by emission from 2 µm amorphous olivine grains. Such grains, being an order of magnitude larger than those in the interstellar medium, are a first proof of dust processing and grain growth in disks around brown dwarfs. The object's spectral energy distribution is below the prediction of the classical flared disk model but higher than that of the two-layer flat disk. A good match can be achieved by using an intermediate disk model with strongly reduced but non-zero flaring. Grain growth and dust settling processes provide a natural explanation for this disk geometry and we argue that such intermediate flaring might explain the observations of several other brown dwarf disks as well.

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“…Spitzer & Kleinman (1961) were the first to examine the IR reflection properties of α-quartz with respect to classical dispersion theory. They presented very comprehensive room-temperature studies of natural and synthetic quartz crystals.…”

Section: Quartzmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical constants of refractory oxides at high temperatures

Zeidler

Posch

Mutschke

2013

A&A

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Context. Many cosmic dust species, among them refractory oxides, form at temperatures higher than 300 K. Nevertheless, most astrophysical studies are based on the room-temperature optical constants of solids, such as corundum and spinel. A more realistic approach is needed for these materials, especially in the context of modeling late-type stars. Aims. We aimed at deriving sets of optical constants of selected, astrophysically relevant oxide dust species with high melting points. Methods. A high-temperature, high-pressure cell and a Fourier-transform spectrometer were used to measure reflectance spectra of polished samples. For corundum (α-Al 2 O 3 ), spinel (MgAl 2 O 4 ), and α-quartz (SiO 2 ), temperature-dependent optical constants were measured from 300 K up to more than 900 K. Small particle spectra were also calculated from these data. Results. All three examined oxides show a significant temperature dependence of their mid-IR bands. For the case of corundum, we find that the 13 μm emission feature -seen in the IR spectra of many AGB stars -can very well be assigned to this mineral species. The best fit of the feature is achieved with oblate corundum grains at (mean) temperatures around 550 K. Spinel remains a viable carrier of the 13 μ feature as well, but only for T < 300 K and nearly spherical grain shapes. Under such circumstances, spinel grains may also account for the 31.8 μm band that is frequently seen in sources of the 13 μm feature and which has not yet been identified with certainty.

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Infrared Lattice Bands of Quartz

Cited by 642 publications

References 46 publications

Coherent excitation of Rydberg atoms in micrometre-sized atomic vapour cells

Coherent excitation of Rydberg atoms in micrometre-sized atomic vapour cells

Grain growth and dust settling in a brown dwarf disk

Optical constants of refractory oxides at high temperatures

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