Infrared imaging simulation and detection of ship wake

Li, Yahui; Chen, Xuan; Chang, Shizheng; Xu, Enchi; Wang, Xingyu; Wang, Ye; Zhao, Xiaolong; Yongchen, Du; Kou, Wei; Fan, Chunli

doi:10.1117/12.2199454

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…30 The infrared (IR) thermal signatures produced by model vehicles towed in a laboratory environment with an artifical temperature gradient has also been investigated. 31,32 The studies showed that there are discernible thermal signatures, which are stronger for shallower objects. Judd et al showed that underwater jets produce a turbulent core region with warmer fluid and a weaker outer region of cooler fluid.…”

Section: Thermal Signaturesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The non-acoustic signatures of underwater vehicles

Slimming,

Beniwal,

Devrelis

et al. 2023

Ocean Sensing and Monitoring XV

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Submersible vehicles, such as Uncrewed Underwater Vehicles (UUVs), can be lost underwater and it is desirable to locate them before they go missing or collide with other vehicles. These objects generate inherent signatures when they move in the ocean. With a better understanding of these signatures, more information regarding the motion of underwater vehicles can be inferred using LiDAR technology. In this paper, the authors review existing literature on various non-acoustic signatures of a submerged body, namely, the electromagnetic, biological and thermal signatures, turbulent wake patterns, internal waves and vortex structures. The authors discuss how these signatures evolve both spatially and temporally. Furthermore, the review investigates how environmental and operational parameters such as the stratification of the medium, vehicle speed, shape and depth affect the non-acoustic signatures. Underwater vehicles operating at low speeds and large depths have bioluminescent, Kelvin wake and Bernoulli hump signatures that are difficult to detect on the surface. Thermal signatures, vortex wakes and far wakes are only likely to be detected at the vehicle’s depth. This is primarily due to the ocean stratification which suppresses the vertical motion of underwater turbulent signatures. Thermal signatures appear to be most likely to be detected. The study concludes that relying on a single signature to detect submersibles is not advisable and future methods for underwater vehicle detection should use multiple sensors to detect complementary signatures.

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Section: Thermal Signaturesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The non-acoustic signatures of underwater vehicles

Slimming,

Beniwal,

Devrelis

et al. 2023

Ocean Sensing and Monitoring XV

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In [8], the authors studied the vertical temperature distribution of seawater in the actual marine environment and carried out numerical calculations on the thermal jets caused by the appendages and propellers of underwater vehicles in the temperature-stratified environment. In [9], Yang established and gradually improved the laboratory underwater vehicle thermal jet discharge simulation experimental platform and carried out thermal jet discharge simulation experiments in the laboratory in water with a uniform and stratified temperature. The formation mechanism, the means of detection and key influencing factors of thermal jets were explored.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of the Discharge Port Structure on the Infrared Characteristics of Underwater Vehicle Thermal Jets

Gao

2022

Applied Sciences

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The circulating cooling water of underwater vehicle power systems is discharged through the discharge port and is mixed with the environmental water to form a thermal jet, which diffuses, floats up in the environmental water and displays infrared characteristics on the surface of the water body. In order to explore the influence of the discharge port structure on the infrared characteristics of underwater vehicle thermal jets, this paper adopts the methods of simulation analysis and experimental verification, and it establishes an underwater vehicle motion model based on the CFD computing software platform to design elliptic discharge port structures with different radius ratios and to compare their different thermal jet infrared characteristics. The influence of the oval discharge port radius ratio on the infrared characteristics of thermal jets is verified by the reduced-scale water tank experiment, and the authenticity of the simulation calculation method and design parameters is verified. On the basis of oval discharge ports, the number and distribution position of discharge ports are further designed to suppress the infrared characteristics of thermal jets and to improve the thermal stealth performance of underwater vehicles. According to the simulation calculation and experimental results, under the condition of the same discharge flow, as the radius ratio becomes smaller, the mixing heat transfer effect of the thermal jet becomes better, and the infrared characteristics become less obvious. Moreover, increasing the number of discharge ports and adopting the symmetrical arrangement of discharge ports can further strengthen the temperature attenuation of thermal jets and reduce the surface maximum temperature.

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Analysis of the Factors Influencing the Trailing Infrared Characteristics of Underwater Vehicles under Surge Conditions Using the Orthogonal Method

Zheng¹,

et al. 2023

Applied Sciences

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With its benefits of efficiency and speed, the orthogonal experimental design method is currently often employed in many domains for multi-factor experimental design. In this study, the wind–wave–flow multifunctional experimental flume was used to replicate surge circumstances using the orthogonal technique in order to investigate the contributing factors and their interactions on the sea surface IR characteristics of underwater vehicles’ wakes. According to the correlation analysis, the height of the swell and the surface temperature difference of the wake had only a weak negative correlation, while the dive depth of the underwater vehicle and the surface temperature difference of the wake had a significant negative correlation (p = −0.833). It was tentatively concluded that the surface temperature differential of the wake was found to be more sensitive to dive depth than to swell height. An investigation of the impact of trailing IR features can use this finding as a pertinent reference.

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Infrared imaging simulation and detection of ship wake

Cited by 3 publications

References 2 publications

The non-acoustic signatures of underwater vehicles

The non-acoustic signatures of underwater vehicles

The Influence of the Discharge Port Structure on the Infrared Characteristics of Underwater Vehicle Thermal Jets

Analysis of the Factors Influencing the Trailing Infrared Characteristics of Underwater Vehicles under Surge Conditions Using the Orthogonal Method

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