Infrared cross-section measurements for crystals doped with Er/sup 3+/, Tm/sup 3+/, and Ho/sup 3+/

Payne, Stephen A.; Chase, L. L.; Smith, L. K.; Kway, Wayne L.; Krupke, William F.

doi:10.1109/3.161321

Cited by 864 publications

(277 citation statements)

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“…The Tm:YAP single crystal is attractive as active material for 2-µm lasers mainly due to its natural birefringence combined with good thermal and mechanical properties similar to those of the YAG crystal [8]. In addition, the emission cross section of thulium in the YAP crystal (5.5 × 10 −21 cm 2 ) is twice as high as that in the YAG crystal (2.2 × 10 −21 cm 2 ) [9]. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that the Tm:YAP laser performance is less sensitive to the change of temperature than the Tm:YAG laser crystal [8].…”

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confidence: 84%

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Room-temperature cw and pulsed operation of a diode-end-pumped Tm:YAP laser

Cai

Kong

et al. 2007

Appl. Phys. B

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We report the continuous-wave and acousto-optical Q-switched operation of a diode-end-pumped Tm:YAP laser. Continuous-wave output power of 3.5 W at 1.99 µm was obtained under the absorbed pump power of 14 W. Under Qswitched laser operation, the average output power increased from 1.57 W to 2.0 W, with an absorbed pump power of 12.6 W, as the repetition rate increased from 1 kHz to 10 kHz. The maximum Q-switched pulse energy was 1.57 mJ with a repetition rate of 1 kHz. The minimum pulse width was measured to be about 80 ns, corresponding to a peak power of 19.6 kW.PACS 42.55.Rz; 42.55.Xi; 42.60.Gd IntroductionSolid-state lasers working at the 2-µm waveband are of great interest because of several favorable characteristics. Owing to the strong absorption by liquid water, the 2-µm laser is an ideal light source for bio-medical applications. The 2-µm laser can also be used for range finding, coherent laser lidar and atmospheric sensing since it is in the eye-safe spectral range. In addition, high-power 2-µm lasers are preferable as pump sources for optical parametric oscillators (OPOs) and optical parametric amplifiers (OPAs) in the mid-infrared region than 1-µm lasers since they provide higher quantum efficiency. Based on these considerations, solid-state lasers operating around the 2-µm waveband have been intensively investigated recently [1][2][3]. In order to obtain the 2-µm-waveband laser oscillation, the rare-earth-ion thulium (Tm 3+ ) and holmium (Ho 3+ ) doping materials, which work as quasi-three-level laser systems, are commonly used. However, due to the existence of reabsorption loss, the laser performance is sensitive to the change of temperature. For this, liquid-nitrogen cooling is often used to achieve a highefficiency laser output but this incurs great inconvenience in practical applications. In addition to the temperature of the laser system, the physical and chemical properties of the laser host can greatly affect the laser performance. Therefore, studu Fax: +86-571-87952437, E-mail: physyh@zju.edu.com ies of laser hosts for 2-µm lasers have also been intensively carried out. Laser operations based on several hosts such as YAG, YLF and vanadates (YVO 4 and GdVO 4 ) etc. were reported [4][5][6][7]. Furthermore, the search for better Tm-host crystals is still in progress and recent studies show promising results with YAP single crystals [8,9]. Laser emission from Tm:YAP crystal was first demonstrated with flash-lamp pumping [10] and then using Ti:sapphire laser pumping [11]. Currently, it has been demonstrated that diode pumping is the most efficient way for Tm:YAP laser pumping [12,13]. The Tm:YAP single crystal is attractive as active material for 2-µm lasers mainly due to its natural birefringence combined with good thermal and mechanical properties similar to those of the YAG crystal [8]. In addition, the emission cross section of thulium in the YAP crystal (5.5 × 10 −21 cm 2 ) is twice as high as that in the YAG crystal (2.2 × 10 −21 cm 2 ) [9]. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated tha...

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confidence: 84%

“…were reported [4][5][6][7]. Furthermore, the search for better Tm-host crystals is still in progress and recent studies show promising results with YAP single crystals [8,9]. Laser emission from Tm:YAP crystal was first demonstrated with flash-lamp pumping [10] and then using Ti:sapphire laser pumping [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Room-temperature cw and pulsed operation of a diode-end-pumped Tm:YAP laser

Cai

Kong

et al. 2007

Appl. Phys. B

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“…Such values are typical of the relatively small cross sections associated with Tm ions in solids. Although the spectrum is broad as is typical in glasses, it is possible to obtain some information on the energy levels by using the reciprocity of emission and absorption [20,21]. The emission and absorption cross sections are related by…”

Section: Spectroscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical properties of Tm3+ ions in alkali germanate glass

Walsh

Barnes

Reichle

et al. 2006

Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids

103

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Tm-doped alkali germanate glass is investigated for use as a laser material. Spectroscopic investigations of bulk Tm-doped germanate glass are reported for the absorption, emission and luminescence decay. Tm:germanate shows promise as a fiber laser when pumped with 0.792 μm diodes because of low phonon energies. Spectroscopic analysis indicates low nonradiative quenching and pulsed laser performance studies confirm this prediction by showing a quantum efficiency of 1.69.

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“…Synthesis : Samples of (Y 1-x ,Er x ) 3 were ground and mixed in an agate mortar. The aluminum garnet underwent multiple sintering stages at 1350 ° C (10 hours), 1400 ° C (10 hours) and fi nally 1650 ° C for 24 hours with intermediate grinding stages.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The use of Y 3 Al 5 O 12 (YAG) doped with Er 3+ (YAG:Er 3+ ) is well established in applications such as planar waveguide amplifi ers, [ 1,2 ] near-infrared (NIR) lasers for biomedical use, [3][4][5][6][7] and up-conversion phosphors for IR detection by conversion to visible light. [8][9][10] The YAG:Er 3+ system has several absorption bands at around 490, 800, 970 and 1480 nm, [ 11,12 ] which allows the use of various pumping sources.…”

Section: Doi: 101002/adma201302288mentioning

confidence: 99%