Infrared and electron microprobe analysis of tourmalines

González-Carreño, T.; Fernández, M.; Sanz, J.

doi:10.1007/bf00311124

Cited by 86 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Furthermore, our IR spectrum is similar to that of a Fe-rich elbaite reported in the RRUFF database (RRUFF ID : R050487; Downs 2006). The IR spectra, in particular, in the 3,800-3,100 cm -1 region, appear to be significantly different in tourmalines with different crystal chemistry (e.g., Gonzales-Carreño et al 1988;Castañeda et al 2000). The refinements confirm the general structure model of tourmaline previously reported on the basis of X-ray diffraction data (e.g., Burns et al 1994 and references therein).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

“…Even for a modest partial site occupancy (\30 %), single-crystal neutron diffraction usually allows the location of H sites (e.g., Gatta et al 2006aGatta et al , b, 2009Della Ventura et al 2009). Based on the spectroscopic considerations, the H bonded to O1 was expected to lie on the threefold axis (at 0, 0, z; Gonzales-Carreño et al 1988;Castañeda et al 2000).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The band at higher frequency (i.e., m 1 , 3,591 cm -1 ) was still assigned to the O3-H stretching mode by Gonzales-Carreño et al (1988), whereas Castañ-eda et al (2000) assigned this band to the O1-H stretching (i.e., OH groups located at the center of 6mR, with a local Y (LiAlFe) environment). The band with a modest absorbance (i.e., 3,692 cm -1 ) assigned to the O1-H stretching mode by Gonzales-Carreño et al (1988), and not observed by Castañeda et al (2000), is not observed in this study.…”

Section: Ir Spectroscopymentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The absorption bands at 3,562 and 3,491 cm -1 were assigned to the stretching of OH groups located at the border of the 6-membered ring of tetrahedra (i.e., O3-H), accordingly to Gonzales-Carreño et al (1988) and Castañeda et al (2000). The band at higher frequency (i.e., m 1 , 3,591 cm -1 ) was still assigned to the O3-H stretching mode by Gonzales-Carreño et al (1988), whereas Castañ-eda et al (2000) assigned this band to the O1-H stretching (i.e., OH groups located at the center of 6mR, with a local Y (LiAlFe) environment).…”

Section: Ir Spectroscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

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A single-crystal neutron and X-ray diffraction study of elbaite

et al. 2012

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The crystal chemistry and crystal structure of gem-quality elbaite from the Pederneira mine, São José da Safira, Minas Gerais, Brazil, were investigated by electron microprobe analysis in wavelength dispersive mode, unpolarized Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, singlecrystal neutron and X-ray diffraction. The average chemical formula of the sample resulted X (Na 0.73 Ca 0.06 h 0.21 )and the chemical analysis showed an almost homogeneous distribution of the principal elements over the crystal, with significant amounts of Fe (wt% FeO * 3.1) and Mn (wt% MnO * 1.3) which substitute Y Al. The infrared spectrum over the diagnostic range of fundamental hydroxyl stretching vibrations is characterized by three strong absorption bands at 3,591 (m 1 ), 3,562 (m 2 ), and 3,491 (m 3 ) cm -1 , respectively. The neutron structure refinement showed: (a) the presence of boron at the B site only and (b) the absence (at a significant level) of aluminum at the T site, which appears to be fully occupied by silicon. Only one proton site was successfully located. The H bond configuration is described with O3 as ''donor'' and O5 as ''acceptor.'' The O3-H bond distance corrected for ''riding motion'' is 0.9834 Å , and HÁÁÁO5 = 2.238(7) Å , O3ÁÁÁO5 = 3.152(4) Å and O3-HÁÁÁO5 = 157.7(5)°. The reasons of the positional disorder at the O1 and O2 sites, observed in both neutron and X-ray refinements, are discussed.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ir Spectroscopymentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Ir Spectroscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

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A single-crystal neutron and X-ray diffraction study of elbaite

et al. 2012

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“…Mn contents in the studied tourmalines are high (0.24 − 0.42 apfu; 1.69−2.87% MnO, except for one sample that presents MnO = 0,9%) compared with average contents for blue elbaites, which usually present Mn contents < 0.30 apfu (Selway et al 1999). Shigley et al (1986) described tourmalines with up to 8.86% MnO, Gonzalez-Carreño et al (1988) reported elbaites with up to 6,79% MnO and Burns et al (1994) with MnO values up to 6.23%. Castañeda et al (2003) reports tourmalines of the schorl-elbaite series from granitic pegmatites from Minas Gerais State, southeast Brazil, in which MnO is also high, up to 2.32wt%.…”

Section: Physical and Optical Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 83%

Chemical and mineralogical characterization of elbaites from the Alto Quixaba pegmatite, Seridó province, NE Brazil

Ferreira

Soares

et al. 2005

An. Acad. Bras. Ciênc.

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The Alto Quixaba pegmatite, Seridó region, northeastern Brazil, is a 60 • /80 • SW-trending subvertical dike discordantly intruded into biotite schists of the Upper Neoproterozoic Seridó Formation. It has three distinct mineralogical and textural zones, besides a replacement body that cuts the pegmatite at its central portion and in which occur, among other gem minerals, colored elbaites. Elbaites usually occur as prismatic crystals, elongate according to the c-axis, with rounded faces and striations parallel to this axis. Optically, crystals are uniaxial negative with strong pleochroism; refractive index extraordinary axis = 1.619-1.622 and ordinary axis = 1.639-1.643, birefringence between 0.019 and 0.021, average relative density of 3.07, and the following unit cell parameters: ao = 15.845 Å, co = 7.085 Å and V = 1540.476 Å. There is alkali defi ciency in the X site of 12-17%. The elbaites are relatively enriched in MnO (1.69 to 2.87%) and ZnO (up to 2.98%).

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Raman spectroscopic study of various types of tourmalines

Hoàng

Hiền

Chen

et al. 2011

J Raman Spectroscopy

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Both polarized and unpolarized Raman scattering studies of seven tourmalines from the Lucyen mines in Vietnam are presented. These tourmalines, according to their chemical compositions, can be classified into four groups: G1, liddicoatite; G2, elbaite; G3, uvite; and G4, feruvite. The Raman spectra were recorded in two spectral ranges, i.e. 150-1600 cm −1 and 3000-4000 cm −1 . In the lower spectral range, which covers the metal ion-oxygen bond vibrations, all the observed A 1 and E modes are identified. In the higher spectral range, we investigated the OH stretching vibrations and showed that all the observed OH stretching modes have the A 1 character. In both spectral ranges, we found that the same group classification of tourmalines can be applied, and the grouping characterizations are consistent with the chemical composition results.

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Infrared and electron microprobe analysis of tourmalines

Cited by 86 publications

References 11 publications

A single-crystal neutron and X-ray diffraction study of elbaite

A single-crystal neutron and X-ray diffraction study of elbaite

Chemical and mineralogical characterization of elbaites from the Alto Quixaba pegmatite, Seridó province, NE Brazil

Raman spectroscopic study of various types of tourmalines

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