Infraciliature and myoneme system of Campanella umbellaria (Protozoa, Ciliophora, Peritrichida)

Abstract

The infraciliature and myoneme system of Campanella umbellaria were revealed using the protargol impregnation technique. The main characteristics of the infraciliature are the peristomial ciliary rows (haplokinety and polykineties), which make four and a half turns around the peristomial disc before plunging into the infundibulum, and the aboral infraciliature, which is made up of the aboral ciliary wreath (trochal band) and the scopula. The myoneme system is composed of: 1) longitudinal fibers, which include 60-84 (mean 72.3) short longitudinal fibers, 40-56 (mean 45.8) medium-length longitudinal fibers, and numerous long longitudinal fibers; and 2) circular fibers, which include 8-12 (mean 9.3) peristomial ring fibers, linking fibers, support fibers, and peristomial disc fibers. The various fibers in C. umbellaria are interconnected to form a single myoneme system that may act as a cell skeleton as well as providing the mechanism by which the zooid contracts and relaxes.

Phylogenomic analyses reveal subclass Scuticociliatia as the sister group of subclass Hymenostomatia within class Oligohymenophorea

“…Each population was isolated in the laboratory using ophthalmological scissors and tweezers, and then picked out using dissecting needles and glass micropipettes. Campanella umbellaria and Carchesium polypinum were morphologically identified according to previous 6 / 25 reports (Dias et al, 2010;Foissner, 1992;Shi et al, 2004). The infraciliatures of the two species were revealed by protargol staining according to the method of Shi and Frankel (1990).…”

A new interpretation of stomatogenesis in a peritrich ciliate: Using Campanella umbellaria as a model system

“…C. umbellaria is a freshwater species that is common, widely distributed, and easy to obtain. The relatively large size of its cell body (200–240 μm × 100–110 μm; Shi et al,2004) greatly facilitates observation of small morphological changes during stomatogenesis. Staining methods used in previous studies did not allow the clearest observation of stomatogenetic processes (Lom,1964; Fernández‐Galiano et al,1988; Guinea et al,1988; Esteban and Fernández‐Galiano,1989).…”

Evolution of Variations in the Common Pattern of Stomatogenesis in Peritrich Ciliates: Evidence from a Comparative Study Including a New Description of Stomatogenesis in Pseudepistylis songi Peng et al.,

“…Regarding the infundibular infraciliature, the Gk of C. umbellaria runs adstomally to a point approximately one‐third of the distance to the cytostome, the adstomal end of its Hk lies opposite to that of P1 and P2, and its P3 consists of six rows of kinetosomes (Shi et al. ; Wang et al. ) that extend adstomally far beyond the ends of P1 and P2 to encircle the margin of the cytostome.…”