Informational bird's eye view system for parking assistance

Gojak, Veselin; Janjatovic, Joakim; Vukota, Natasa; Milosevic, Milena; Bjelica, Milan Z.

doi:10.1109/icce-berlin.2017.8210604

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Parking Management Applications (PMA) use magnetometers, microwaves, inductive loops, infrared or RFID technologies to collect information about parking occupation and inform drivers about parking opportunities or available spaces near their zone [ 70 , 71 ], assisting in the management and distribution of parking spaces thereby reducing traveler frustration and congestion problems associated with searching for parking.…”

Section: Taxonomy Of Its Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensor Technologies for Intelligent Transportation Systems

Ibáñez

Zeadally

Contreras-Castillo

2018

Sensors

442

200

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Modern society faces serious problems with transportation systems, including but not limited to traffic congestion, safety, and pollution. Information communication technologies have gained increasing attention and importance in modern transportation systems. Automotive manufacturers are developing in-vehicle sensors and their applications in different areas including safety, traffic management, and infotainment. Government institutions are implementing roadside infrastructures such as cameras and sensors to collect data about environmental and traffic conditions. By seamlessly integrating vehicles and sensing devices, their sensing and communication capabilities can be leveraged to achieve smart and intelligent transportation systems. We discuss how sensor technology can be integrated with the transportation infrastructure to achieve a sustainable Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) and how safety, traffic control and infotainment applications can benefit from multiple sensors deployed in different elements of an ITS. Finally, we discuss some of the challenges that need to be addressed to enable a fully operational and cooperative ITS environment.

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Section: Taxonomy Of Its Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensor Technologies for Intelligent Transportation Systems

Ibáñez

Zeadally

Contreras-Castillo

2018

Sensors

442

200

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“…BEV generation through perspective transformation has been an active research area in computer vision for more than a decade [15]. This operation is widely employed in various advance driver assistance systems to detect lane markings [16], eliminating blind spots [4], parking assistance [2], and overall traffic scene understanding applications [1, 17] etc. As mentioned earlier, dedicated hardware implementation of this important task poses challenges with respect to algorithmic precision and logic resource utilisation.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent interest in the development of advance driver assistance systems and autonomous vehicles with the aid of visual clues has motivated the researchers to look for efficient hardware-based solutions which can perform well under the real-time constraints with minimum processing power. In this regard, bird's eye view (BEV) generation is an important operation performed as a preprocessing task on video streams for various applications such as autonomous parallel parking, lane/obstacle detection, blind spot elimination, and traffic scene analysis [1][2][3][4] etc. Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The input-output relation is given as (2) where x^, ŷ and x, y denote the co-ordinates pair of the pixels in the transformed and input frames, respectively. A direct implementation of (2) poses computational challenges because of the non-linearity introduced by the division operation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…x^= 216.3 − 0.06859x + 0.3216y − 0.0002345x2 + 0.0002141xy − 3.039e − 09 x 3 + 7.419e − 07 x 2 y y^= 196.8 + 0.01674x + −9.705e − 06 y + 5.779e − 05 x 2 + 3.536e − 09 xy + 2.24e − 08 y 2…”

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Resource‐efficient FPGA implementation of perspective transformation for bird's eye view generation using high‐level synthesis framework

Bilal

2019

IET Circuits, Devices & Systems

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Bird's eye view (BEV) generation from front-looking video stream is considered an important pre-processing task in various computer vision applications such as driver assistance systems. In this work, hardware implementation of this process using high-level synthesis in Simulink environment has been considered for rapid prototyping under real-time constraints. Traditionally, researchers have employed lookup table-based approaches to circumvent the exorbitant cost of implementing arithmetic modules associated with the perspective transformation. The hardware implementation scheme proposed here, however, demonstrates that a polynomial approximation over the limited domain of the involved operands not only saves precious hardware resources but also provides better fixed-point precision. Synthesis results on Zynq-7000 FPGA show that the proposed circuit reduces the block memory utilisation by 9% compared to the lookup table-based built-in Simulink Vision HDL block. The proposed design evaluates the results in fixed-point format which is essential for subsequent bilinear interpolation to produce high-fidelity output frame, albeit at the cost of 4% increase in DSP48E utilisation. The approximation error of the proposed solution is less than quarter-pixel on average. The proposed hardware has been integrated as an IP core in a hardware-software co-design system. The whole framework is publicly available to facilitate practitioners and researchers.

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