“…Along with such lots of related research, the results, however, have produced what may be labeled the paradox of IT productivity. Compared with the significant positive relationship between IT investment and firm performance, a handful of studies on the impact of IT Event study Mixed (Cheng and Lee, 2008) Event study Mixed (Kohli et al, 2012) Regression analysis Negative (Luo et al, 2014) Regression analysis Mixed (Stores et al, 2018) Regression analysis Negative (Shea et al, 2019) Regression analysis Mixed (Sircar et al, 2000) Firm financial performance Statistical analysis Mixed (Quan et al, 2003) Statistical analysis Mixed (Campbell, 2012) Regression analysis Positive (Teekasap, 2017) Simulation model Negative (Boban and Susak, 2017) Statistical analysis Negative (Osei-Bryson and Ko, 2005) Operational and organizational performance Regression analysis Mixed (Chari et al, 2008) Regression analysis Mixed (Jeffers et al, 2008) Structural equation modeling Mixed (Hwang and Min, 2015) Causal model testing Positive (Mohamad et al, 2017) Structural equation modeling Positive (Acar et al, 2017) Structural equation modeling Mixed investments show weak or nonexistent links between IT spending and productivity from different countries or areas and different industries even in recent years. By grouping firms by the extent of diversification and by using an interaction term of IT and diversification, Stores et al (2018) demonstrate that IT investments fail to improve financial performance for some firms.…”