Information Technologies of Complex Environmental Monitoring Based on Aerospace and Ground Research Data

Abstract

The article considers the possibilities of using geoinformation systems and remote land sensing systems in detecting the development of degradation processes of the soil cover. The use of satellite technologies for the detection of soil degradation and timely response to these processes requires timely information and the availability of a database. The environmental safety system is aimed at forecasting and preventing emergency situations of technogenic and ecological nature. It includes the development of forecasting models and algorithms, as well as the allocation of resources to take immediate action in the event of such situations, as well as information about potential hazards, risks and possible consequences. With the use of geodetic surveying and computer processing of the surveying results, the coordinates of land plot plans were obtained. Satellite images were used to obtain data on changes in soil cover over a large area and on a large scale. Aerial photographs reveal small changes in soil structure, indicating signs of erosion or other degradation processes. Digital electronic terrain maps provide geographic information about an area, including geological and geomorphological features. They are used to combine other data, such as satellite images or aerial photographs, and create a comprehensive picture of the state of the soil. In the course of research, the system of ecological monitoring of soil cover using the method of infrared spectrophotometry was improved. The method of physico-chemical analysis of soil samples is substantiated and the dependence between the state of soil contamination by individual chemical elements and their genesis is established. The creation of a computer database and the use of space images in combination with other geo-information technologies really allows for effective monitoring and analysis of soil degradation and other agricultural objects.