“…The main causes of FLW, following these studies' findings, include poor forecasting, overproduction, lack of training/worse processing ability, poor packaging, logistic constraints mismanagement of cold chain (CC), inadequate cold storage facility, errors in quality checks, inappropriate precooling, a large number of participants, the lack of post-harvest precooling and handle, the lack of regulation, technology inefficiency, and loss of innovations that lead to FLW. The second stream relates to special issues in FSCs, such as CCL brokenness [9,15], stochastic demand and supply [11], poor temperature control [16] and management, and policy and industry standards. Third stream compares developing and developed countries in FLW, occurring in stages with regard to developing countries and FLW mainly emerging in the upstream of food supply chain.…”