“…In Wald's definition the focus is shifted towards the quality of the fusion result as the most important goal of the fusion process. There are actually not enough contributions from IF community [69][70][71] with respect to QoI and its use in the management (level-4) of the IF process in the sense that IF is delivering a product ('information') of sufficient quality to satisfy the decision-making requirements (actions).…”
Section: The Archetypal Dynamics Frameworkmentioning
“…In Wald's definition the focus is shifted towards the quality of the fusion result as the most important goal of the fusion process. There are actually not enough contributions from IF community [69][70][71] with respect to QoI and its use in the management (level-4) of the IF process in the sense that IF is delivering a product ('information') of sufficient quality to satisfy the decision-making requirements (actions).…”
Section: The Archetypal Dynamics Frameworkmentioning
“…They offer a trade-off between decision quality, which may be improved gradually as more observations are available, and time [3,4]. It is important to notice that decision quality to be considered strongly depends on the problem at hand and context [7]. Utilization of an anytime decision model for threat recognition is dictated by the fact that dealing with threat requires timely decisions and swift actions.…”
This paper describes an adaptive fusion humanmachine system supporting an analyst in recognizing threat. The system is designed in the framework of Transferable Belief Model for processing complex unreliable and uncertain data streams coming from multiple sources to improve threat recognition and detect new "unknown" threat. The focus of the paper is on the latter: designing a method of detection of possible "unknown" threat. Such problem arises in the open world environment, for example, in multisensor automatic target recognition systems, or in the situation assessment problem requiring selection of, sometime unknown, hypotheses about the state of the environment. The method of detecting possible unknown threat is based on the notion of conflict, which happens in the uncertain environment when multiple sources of information disagree. The results of a case study designed for sequential decision making for threat recognition in the littoral environment are also presented.
“…SA systems, for example, have to go through a number of processing steps, also combining heterogeneous data, in order to estimate the status and intentions (or purpose) of non-cooperative entities (or process/system) [98]. In addition, observations from sensors are generally noisy and sources of information can have different level of trust and provide outputs with different quality [135], therefore making fusion a real necessity [124].…”
Section: External and Internal Context For Information Fusionmentioning
This survey aims to provide a comprehensive status of recent and current research on context-based Information Fusion (IF) systems, tracing back the roots of the original thinking behind the development of the concept of ''context''. It shows how its fortune in the distributed computing world eventually per-meated in the world of IF, discussing the current strategies and techniques, and hinting possible future trends. IF processes can represent context at different levels (structural and physical constraints of the scenario, a priori known operational rules between entities and environment, dynamic relationships modelled to interpret the system output, etc.). In addition to the survey, several novel context exploita-tion dynamics and architectural aspects peculiar to the fusion domain are presented and discussed.
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