Information, Motivation, and Self-Efficacy Among Men Who Have Sex With Men and Transgender Women in the State of Maharashtra, India

Wilkerson, J. Michael; Rhoton, Jayson; Li, Dennis; Rawat, Shruta; Patankar, Pallav; Rosser, B. R. Simon

doi:10.1177/1090198118796880

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Among MSM, significant correlates of HIV risk behaviors/indicators such as condomless sex [ 48 – 50 , 58 , 64 , 77 , 78 , 92 , 93 ], infrequent HIV testing [ 60 , 65 , 72 , 74 ], and HIV/STI positivity [ 48 , 51 , 55 , 79 ] were low literacy and unemployment [ 48 , 76 , 77 ], alcohol and/or drug use [ 54 , 60 , 64 , 65 , 79 , 90 , 93 ], engagement in sex work [ 49 , 60 , 61 , 65 , 67 , 68 , 75 , 76 , 78 ], higher number of male sexual partners [ 48 – 50 , 53 , 56 , 72 , 74 ], early age of sexual debut [ 93 ], and low HIV risk perception [ 60 , 65 , 72 , 74 ]. Six of the 47 articles included data on TGW; five of these [ 79 , 81 , 84 , 87 , 89 ] did not provide details...…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A scoping review of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and intersex (LGBTQI+) people’s health in India

Chakrapani

Newman

Shunmugam

et al. 2023

PLOS Glob Public Health

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Amid incremental progress in establishing an enabling legal and policy environment for lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and queer-identified people, and people with intersex variations (LGBTQI+) in India, evidence gaps on LGBTQI+ health are of increasing concern. To that end, we conducted a scoping review to map and synthesize the current evidence base, identify research gaps, and provide recommendations for future research. We conducted a scoping review using the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology. We systematically searched 14 databases to identify peer-reviewed journal articles published in English language between January 1, 2010 and November 20, 2021, that reported empirical qualitative, quantitative or mixed methods data on LGBTQI+ people’s health in India. Out of 3,003 results in total, we identified 177 eligible articles; 62% used quantitative, 31% qualitative, and 7% mixed methods. The majority (55%) focused on gay and other men who have sex with men (MSM), 16% transgender women, and 14% both of these populations; 4% focused on lesbian and bisexual women, and 2% on transmasculine people. Overall, studies reported high prevalence of HIV and sexually transmitted infections; multilevel risk factors for HIV; high levels of mental health burden linked to stigma, discrimination, and violence victimization; and non-availability of gender-affirmative medical care in government hospitals. Few longitudinal studies and intervention studies were identified. Findings suggest that LGBTQI+ health research in India needs to move beyond the predominant focus on HIV, and gay men/MSM and transgender women, to include mental health and non-communicable diseases, and individuals across the LGBTQI+ spectrum. Future research should build on largely descriptive studies to include explanatory and intervention studies, beyond urban to rural sites, and examine healthcare and service needs among LGBTQI+ people across the life course. Increased Indian government funding for LGBTQI+ health research, including dedicated support and training for early career researchers, is crucial to building a comprehensive and sustainable evidence base to inform targeted health policies and programs moving forward.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A scoping review of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and intersex (LGBTQI+) people’s health in India

Chakrapani

Newman

Shunmugam

et al. 2023

PLOS Glob Public Health

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“…During 1987, first case of HIV was reported in Pakistan [2]. According to an estimate of National AIDS Control Program (NACP), currently, 0.22 million people are living with HIV in Pakistan [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frequency and risk factors associated with unprotected sex among transgenders having sex with men in Pakistan: problem behavior theory approach

Sohail¹,

Khan²,

Zaheer³

et al. 2022

HIV & AIDS Review

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Introduction: Transgenders (Hijras) are important population sub-group, which suffers from both inequality and inequity. They lack educational and employment opportunities rendering sex work an easy bread-winning option. The prevalence of unprotected sex among Hijras is high, though they have knowledge about its' consequences. In this study, problem behavior theory (PBT) was used to determine risk factors leading to unprotected sex among this vulnerable population. Frequency of unprotected sex among Hijras was estimated, and risk factors for unprotected sex and its' association with PBT variables were assessed.Material and methods: Data of 150 Hijras residing in Rawalpindi, Pakistan were used for this crosssectional study. Data collection tool applied was developed based on AHDQ employed in problem behavior theory studies. Descriptive statistics that characterized Hijras were based on their age, education, mode of income, and monthly income. Binary logistic regression was performed to find association between unprotected sex and problem behavior theory variables.Results: Most (84.1%) of the respondents reported having unprotected sex, while fewer (71.0%) did not use a condom during their last sexual act. A positive correlation was observed between unprotected sex and parental control (OR = 1.907), while a negative correlation was observed between unprotected sex and parental support (OR = 0.919). Conclusions:The prevalence of unprotected sex among HSWs residing in Rawalpindi is high, despite them having knowledge about HIV and its prevention methods. The parental control and parental support are associated with condom use in last sexual act.

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A scoping review of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and intersex (LGBTQI+) people’s health in India

Chakrapani

Newman

Shunmugam

et al. 2022

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Amid incremental progress in establishing an enabling legal and policy environment for lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and queer-identified people, and people with intersex variations (LGBTQI+) in India, evidence gaps on LGBTQI+ health are of increasing concern. To that end, we conducted a scoping review to map and synthesize the current evidence base, identify research gaps, and provide recommendations for future research. We conducted a scoping review using the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology. We systematically searched 14 databases to identify peer-reviewed journal articles published in English language between January 1, 2010 and November 20, 2021, that reported empirical qualitative, quantitative or mixed methods data on LGBTQI+ people's health in India. Out of 3,003 results in total, we identified 177 eligible articles; 62% used quantitative, 31% qualitative, and 7% mixed methods. The majority (55%) focused on gay and other men who have sex with men (MSM), 16% transgender women, and 14% both of these populations; 4% focused on lesbian and bisexual women, and 2% on transmasculine people. Overall, studies reported high HIV and sexually transmitted infection prevalence; multilevel risk factors for HIV; high levels of mental health burden linked to stigma, discrimination and violence victimization; and non-availability of gender-affirmative medical services in government hospitals. Few longitudinal studies and intervention studies were identified. Overall, LGBTQI+ health research in India needs to move beyond the predominant focus on HIV, and gay men/MSM and transgender women, to include mental health and non-communicable diseases, and individuals across the LGBTQI+ spectrum. Future research should build on largely descriptive studies to include explanatory and intervention studies, beyond urban to rural sites, and examine healthcare and service needs among LGBTQI+ people across the life course. Dedicated funding and training for junior investigators conducting LGBTQI+ health research is crucial to building a comprehensive evidence base to inform health policies and programs.

show abstract

Information, Motivation, and Self-Efficacy Among Men Who Have Sex With Men and Transgender Women in the State of Maharashtra, India

Cited by 3 publications

References 31 publications

A scoping review of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and intersex (LGBTQI+) people’s health in India

A scoping review of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and intersex (LGBTQI+) people’s health in India

Frequency and risk factors associated with unprotected sex among transgenders having sex with men in Pakistan: problem behavior theory approach

A scoping review of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and intersex (LGBTQI+) people’s health in India

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