“…It mainly defines the information structure consisting of artifact, feature, behavior, requirement, specification, form, geometry, material, function and flow. In existing studies of modeling for different domains, many child OBJs are derived from these OBJs in various CPM-based models, which include OAM [39,43], PFEM [44], DAIM [45,46], ESM [47], and so on. Although child OBJs are different in models, they all inherit the original relationships between CPM OBJs.…”