Information generation and processing systems that regulate periodontal structure and function

Bartold, P. Mark; McCulloch, Christopher A.

doi:10.1111/prd.12037

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Insight into the physiogenesis and anatomical structure of the periodontium provides a solid basis for understanding the process of tissue destruction as well as for advancing the design of more effective cell‐based therapeutic strategies . The periodontium, which supports and anchors the teeth in their alveolar sockets, has a well‐arranged structure and can be divided into four main vital components, that is , gingiva, root cementum, PDL, and alveolar bone (Fig. ).…”

Section: Periodontal Tissue Engineering Via In Vitro Cell‐materials Dementioning

confidence: 99%

Concise Review: Periodontal Tissue Regeneration Using Stem Cells: Strategies and Translational Considerations

Wang

et al. 2018

Stem Cells Translational Medicine

151

122

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Periodontitis is a widespread disease characterized by inflammation‐induced progressive damage to the tooth‐supporting structures until tooth loss occurs. The regeneration of lost/damaged support tissue in the periodontium, including the alveolar bone, periodontal ligament, and cementum, is an ambitious purpose of periodontal regenerative therapy and might effectively reduce periodontitis‐caused tooth loss. The use of stem cells for periodontal regeneration is a hot field in translational research and an emerging potential treatment for periodontitis. This concise review summarizes the regenerative approaches using either culture‐expanded or host‐mobilized stem cells that are currently being investigated in the laboratory and with preclinical models for periodontal tissue regeneration and highlights the most recent evidence supporting their translational potential toward a widespread use in the clinic for combating highly prevalent periodontal disease. We conclude that in addition to in vitro cell‐biomaterial design and transplantation, the engineering of biomaterial devices to encourage the innate regenerative capabilities of the periodontium warrants further investigation. In comparison to cell‐based therapies, the use of biomaterials is comparatively simple and sufficiently reliable to support high levels of endogenous tissue regeneration. Thus, endogenous regenerative technology is a more economical and effective as well as safer method for the treatment of clinical patients. Stem Cells Translational Medicine 2019;8:392–403

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Section: Periodontal Tissue Engineering Via In Vitro Cell‐materials Dementioning

confidence: 99%

Concise Review: Periodontal Tissue Regeneration Using Stem Cells: Strategies and Translational Considerations

Wang

et al. 2018

Stem Cells Translational Medicine

151

122

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“…Human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) are the major cell type that constitutes human gingival connective tissue (6), which are responsible for the synthesis and degradation of the ECM and bone resorption, as well as the secretion of proteolytic enzymes (7–9). Accordingly, they are crucial for regulating the homeostasis of periodontal tissues under healthy and diseased states (10). Nevertheless, strategies to improve correction efficiency and promote HGFs to maintain the stability of adaptive remodeling following orthodontic treatment remain to be elucidated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical force promotes the proliferation and extracellular matrix synthesis of human gingival fibroblasts cultured on 3D PLGA scaffolds via TGF‑β expression

Zheng

Liao

et al. 2019

Mol Med Report

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Human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) are responsible for connective tissue repair and scarring, and are exposed to mechanical forces under physiological and pathological conditions. The exact mechanisms underlying gingival tissue reconstruction under mechanical forces remain unclear. The present study aimfed to investigate the effects of mechanical forces on the proliferation and extracellular matrix synthesis in HGFs by establishing a 3-dimensional (3D) HGF culture model using poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) scaffolds. HGFs were cultured in 3D PLGA scaffolds and a mechanical force of 0, 5, 15, 25 or 35 g/cm 2 was applied to HGFs for 24 h. A mechanical force of 25 g/cm 2 induced the highest proliferation rate, and thus was selected for subsequent experiments. Cell viability was determined using the MTT assay at 0, 24, 48 and 72 h. The expression levels of type I collagen (COL-1) and matrix metallopeptidase (MMP)-1 were examined by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and ELISA, and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β expression was evaluated by ELISA. The application of mechanical force on HGFs cultured on the 3D PLGA scaffolds resulted in a significant increase in cell proliferation and COL-1 expression, as well as a decrease in MMP-1 expression. A TGF-β1 inhibitor was also applied, which attenuated the effects of mechanical force on HGF proliferation, and COL-1 and MMP-1 expression, thus suggesting that TGF-β signaling pathways may mediate the mechanical force-induced alterations observed in HGFs. In conclusion, these findings helped to clarify the mechanisms underlying mechanical force-induced HGF proliferation and ECM synthesis, which may promote the development of targeted therapeutics to treat various diseases, including gingival atrophy caused by orthodontic treatment.

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“…During periodontal disease, the attachment apparatus and tooth-supporting structures are disrupted. Moreover, as the periodontium is a complex structure comprised of hard (cementum and bone) and soft (gingiva and periodontal ligament) tissues, the regenerative capabilities are very limited 2 . To prevent the events associated with periodontal diseases, clinicians and researchers have worked together to investigate novel regenerative approaches, such as guided tissue regeneration, the administration of enamel matrix derivatives and growth factors, and bone grafting 3 ; however, most of these approaches have led to unsatisfactory results.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Vitro Long-Term Expansion and High Osteogenic Potential of Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells: More Than a Mirage

et al. 2018

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The periodontal ligament displays a reservoir of mesenchymal stem cells which can account for periodontal regeneration. Despite the numerous studies directed at the definition of optimal culture conditions for long-term expansion of periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs), no consensus has been reached as to what is the ideal protocol. The aim of the present study was to determine the optimal medium formulation for long-term expansion and stemness maintenance of PDLSCs, in order to obtain a sufficient number of cells for therapeutic approaches. For this purpose, the effects of three different culture medium formulations were evaluated on PDLSCs obtained from three periodontal ligament samples of the same patient: minimum essential medium Eagle, alpha modification (α-MEM), Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM), both supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS), and a new medium formulation, Ham’s F12 medium, supplemented with 10% FBS, heparin 0.5 U/ml, epidermal growth factor (EGF) 50 ng/ml, fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 25 ng/ml, and bovine serum albumin (BSA) 1% (enriched Ham’s F12 medium; EHFM). PDLSCs grown in EHFM displayed a higher PE-CD73 mean fluorescence intensity compared with cells maintained in α-MEM and DMEM, even at later passages. Cells maintained in EHFM displayed an increased population doubling and a reduced population doubling time compared with cells grown in DMEM or α-MEM. α-MEM, DMEM and EHFM with added dexamethasone, 2-phospho-L-ascorbic acid, and β-glycerophosphate were all able to promote alkaline phosphatase activity; however, no calcium deposition was detected in PDLSCs cultured in EHFM-differentiation medium. When EHFM-, α-MEM- and DMEM-expanded PDLSCs were transferred to a commercial culture medium for the osteogenesis, mineralization became much more evident in confluent monolayers of EHFM-expanded PDLSCs compared with DMEM and α-MEM. The results suggest EHFM is the optimal medium formulation for growth and stemness maintenance of primary PDLSCs. Moreover, EHFM confers higher osteogenic potential to PDLSCs compared with cells maintained in the other culture media. Overall, the results of the present work confirmed the advantages of using EHFM for long-term expansion of mesenchymal cells in vitro and the preservation of high osteogenic potential.

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Information generation and processing systems that regulate periodontal structure and function

Cited by 9 publications

References 35 publications

Concise Review: Periodontal Tissue Regeneration Using Stem Cells: Strategies and Translational Considerations

Concise Review: Periodontal Tissue Regeneration Using Stem Cells: Strategies and Translational Considerations

Mechanical force promotes the proliferation and extracellular matrix synthesis of human gingival fibroblasts cultured on 3D PLGA scaffolds via TGF‑β expression

In Vitro Long-Term Expansion and High Osteogenic Potential of Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells: More Than a Mirage

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