“…This methodology made success to capture interdependencies and spillover mechanisms either in bivariate or in multivariate system. It is worth mentioning that the majority of previous studies have led to the existence of unidirectional and sometimes bidirectional spillovers between international stock markets more amplified in times of financial crises and variant depending on the degree of integration (Gilenko and Fedorova, 2014;Bekiros, 2014;Arouri et al, 2011;Li, 2007;Choudhry, 2004;Darrat and Benkato, 2003;Xu and Fung, 2002;Caporale et al, 2002;Kasch-Haroutounian and Price, 2001;Rigobon, 2001, 2002).…”