“…Given the relevance of the transfer entropy and decomposition approach in economics and finance [ 4 , 25 , 31 , 35 , 42 , [44] , [45] , [46] , [47] , [48] , [49] , [50] , [51] ], it is necessary to employ this novel technique to quantify the flow of information from global financial stress to African stock markets. Although EEMD-based transfer entropy may not reveal the time-varying dynamics of the financial stress-stock markets nexus, its application is essential to delineate signal data into various modes that are representative of investment horizons (short-, medium-, and long-term), which are particularly relevant for market participants and policymakers amid systemic crisis periods.…”