“…In MTS, teams often learn from failure when resolving cognitive conflicts (Gu et al, 2013; Madsen & Desai, 2010; Wilhelm et al, 2019). However, in an MTS, skill-based differences can make it challenging to resolve conflicts cooperatively, especially when untested knowledge is being challenged (Firth et al, 2015; Shuffler & Carter, 2018; Tsai et al, 2022b; Zaccaro et al, 2012). Observing others’ failures can lead to new insights, but only if a team operates within formalized routines (Bresman, 2010; Gu et al, 2013; Wilhelm et al, 2019).…”