Information concerning the North American fever tick : with notes on other species /

Hunter, W. D.; Hooker, W. A.

doi:10.5962/bhl.title.109955

Cited by 19 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…In nature, the engorged female Boophilus annulatus (Say) (Hunter and Hooker, 1907) and Ixodes ricinus (L) (Milne, 1950) burrow a few centimeters below the ground surface to find favorable microhabitat for egg deposition and survival during dry season. In Saudi Arabia, probably during the dry season, the adult H. dromedarii live in burrows or burrow a few centimeters to find a favorable microhabitat that protects the eggs and emerging larvae against high temperature and low humidity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Life Cycle and Survival of Hyalomma dromedarii (Acari:Ixodidae) Under Laboratory Conditions

Alahmed

Kheir

2003

Jour. Agri. & Mar. Scie.

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The life cycle of Hyalomma dromedarii Koch (Acari:Ixodidae) on rabbits at 25 and 32ºC was compared at 85% R.H. At these temperatures, it behaved as a two-host tick and completed its life cycle in 108-146 and 80-115 days, respectively. The preoviposition, incubation and moulting periods varied significantly and were influenced by temperature. The survival periods of different developmental stages of Hyalomma dromedarii at 25ºC, 32, 38, 43, and 48ºC at 85% R.H. were investigated. The eggs, engorged nymphs and engorged females died at 38ºC, and the unfed larvae died at 43ºC. The longevity of the unfed adults decreased from 90-120 days at 25ºC to7-15 days at 43ºC. They died at 48ºC. These results suggest that the survival periods of eggs, engorged nymphs and engorged females were significantly decreased with an increase in temperature. They were more susceptible to high temperature than unfed adults. The role of unfed adult in the continuity of the life cycle of the tick throughout the year is discussed.Keywords: Hyalomma dromedarii, life cycle, survival, laboratory conditions. he camel tick, Hyalomma dromedarii Koch (Acari: Ixodidae) is the most important tick infesting camels in Saudi Arabia (Badawi, 1994). The ecology and the biology of the camel tick has not been fully investigated. The availability of information on the effect of temperature and humidity on the rate of development and survival of the camel tick is essential for a rational control program. The current study was carried out to assess the life cycle of H. dromedarii and its survival at different temperatures under laboratory conditions. Materials and MethodsFully engorged females of H. dromedarii were obtained from a camel in Muzahmyia area (50 Km South of Riyadh City) and identified as H. dromedarii according to Hoogstraal (1956). They were put in an incubator at 28°C and 85% R.H. to oviposit. The emerged larvae, nymphs and adults were fed on white New Zealand tick-native rabbits.Five white New Zealand tick-native rabbits were infested with approximately 200 larvae of H. dromedarii.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Life Cycle and Survival of Hyalomma dromedarii (Acari:Ixodidae) Under Laboratory Conditions

Alahmed

Kheir

2003

Jour. Agri. & Mar. Scie.

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“…In 1889, Theobald Smith reported that Babesia bigemina (Smith & Kilborne) was the causative agent of Texas fever, and in 1893 Theobald Smith and F. L. Kilborne published research on the role of the cattle tick in the epidemiology of B. bigemina (Mohler 1906, Hoogstraal 1986). The discoveries of Smith and Kilborne and ensuing research on the biology and control of the cattle tick (Curtice 1891(Curtice , 1896Hunter and Hooker 1907;Cotton 1908) generated interest in the possibilities of tick control and eradication. In 1906, the United States Congress provided the Þrst funds for a national cattle tick eradication campaign, and county and state governments contributed personnel and additional funds to the eradication effort (Veterinary Services 1977).…”

Section: Successful Eradicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Introduction of Nonindigenous Arthropod Pests of Animals

Bram

George

2000

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A variety of pathways exist for the introduction of nonindigenous insects, ticks, and mites of veterinary importance into the United States. The most prominent includes the natural migration of mosquitoes and flies by the flight of adults, ectoparasites entering the country on wildlife transport hosts, and accidental introductions on animals legally imported through United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) quarantine facilities. Examples of the establishment and subsequent eradication of exotic pests of livestock are presented to illustrate the critical role of the USDA in protecting American agriculture with particular emphasis on the southern cattle tick, Boophilus microplus (Canestrini), the cattle tick, B. annulatus (Say), and the screwworm, Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel). Priority group rating of nonindigenous arthropod pests and disease vectors are discussed. Although the primary responsibility for preventing the introduction and establishment of arthropods that affect livestock and poultry rests on the shoulders of USDA professionals, insect surveys by extension entomologists along with observations by research specialists and producers are also important in detecting exotic arthropod species. Animal health professionals from all sectors of the livestock and poultry industries may well be the first line of defense from the introduction of nonindigenous arthropods and the diseases they transmit.

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“…The economic importance of ticks and the need to control them was realized alongside the discovery of their potential as vectors of harmful parasites, particularly to livestock (Hunter and Hooker, 1907 ; Theiler, 1911 ). The variability in the degree to which cattle display resistance to ixodid ticks was first suggested by Johnston and Bancroft ( 1918 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bovine Immune Factors Underlying Tick Resistance: Integration and Future Directions

Robbertse

Richards

Maritz-Olivier

2017

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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The mechanisms underlying tick resistance within and between cattle breeds have been studied for decades. Several previous papers on bovine immune parameters contributing to tick resistance discussed findings across DNA, RNA, protein, cellular, and tissue levels. However, the differences between bovine host species, tick species and the experimental layouts were not always taken into account. This review aims to (a) give a comprehensive summary of studies investigating immune marker differences between cattle breeds with varying degrees of tick resistance, and (b) to integrate key findings and suggest hypotheses on likely immune-regulated pathways driving resistance. Experimental issues, which may have skewed conclusions, are highlighted. In future, improved experimental strategies will enable more focused studies to identify and integrate immune markers and/or pathways. Most conclusive thus far is the involvement of histamine, granulocytes and their associated pathways in the tick-resistance mechanism. Interestingly, different immune markers might be involved in the mechanisms within a single host breed in contrast to between breeds. Also, differences are evident at each tick life stage, limiting the level to which datasets can be compared. Future studies to further elucidate immune molecule dynamics across the entire tick life cycle and in-depth investigation of promising markers and pathways on both molecular and cellular level are in dire need to obtain a scientifically sound hypothesis on the drivers of tick resistance.

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Information concerning the North American fever tick : with notes on other species /

Cited by 19 publications

References 0 publications

Life Cycle and Survival of Hyalomma dromedarii (Acari:Ixodidae) Under Laboratory Conditions

Life Cycle and Survival of Hyalomma dromedarii (Acari:Ixodidae) Under Laboratory Conditions

Introduction of Nonindigenous Arthropod Pests of Animals

Bovine Immune Factors Underlying Tick Resistance: Integration and Future Directions

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