Information coding in the olfactory system: Evidence for a stereotyped and highly organized epitope map in the olfactory bulb

Ressler, Kerry J.; Sullivan, Stephen N.; Buck, Linda B.

doi:10.1016/0092-8674(94)90015-9

Cited by 1,092 publications

(801 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…OMP is a cytoplasmic protein whose expression is highly restricted to mature olfactory neurons (Margolis, 1980;Buiakova et al, 1994). In addition to protein, OMP mRNA is also distributed in the axons and nerve terminals (Wensley et al, 1995;Vassar et al, 1994;Ressler et al, 1994). Both OMP protein and mRNA are commonly accepted markers for the presence of mature ORN axons.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential expression of neuregulins and their receptors in the olfactory bulb layers of the developing mouse

et al. 2006

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Neuregulins (NRGs), and their cognate receptors (ErbBs), play essential roles in numerous aspects of neural development and adult synaptic plasticity. The goal of this study was to investigate the developmental expression profiles of these molecules during the olfactory bulb (OB) maturation. The OB is a highly organized structure with cell types and synaptic connections segregated into discrete anatomical layers. We employed a novel approach by combining single-layer microdissection at different development ages,with isoform-specific semi-quantitative RT-PCR and Western blotting to monitor layer-specific developmental profiles of these molecules and alternate splice variants. Layer and age specific regulation was observed for the ErbB4 splice variants JMa/JMb and NRG-1-β1/β2 forms. With the exception of the outermost (nerve) layer, ErbB4-JMb and NRG-1-β1 are expressed throughout the OB and their expressions decrease in the adult age in most layers. In contrast both ErbB4-JMa and NRG-1-β2 are highly expressed in the granule cell layer in the early postnatal OB. This early postnatal expression correlates with the dramatic change from radial glia to astrocytes and appearance of the bulk of granule cells occurring at this developmental stage.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential expression of neuregulins and their receptors in the olfactory bulb layers of the developing mouse

et al. 2006

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“…Recently, an elegant experiment has been published about the same issue (Knöll et al, 2003). This topographical or zonal organization was previously established between the sensory epithelium of the main olfactory system and the MOB, although in this case four main zones were defined: I, II, III, and IV (Vassar et al, 1993;Ressler et al, 1994;Yoshihara et al, 1997;Mori et al, 2000).…”

Section: Form and Topography Of Aobmentioning

confidence: 90%

General organization of the perinatal and adult accessory olfactory bulb in mice

et al. 2006

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The vomeronasal system is currently a topical issue since the dual functional specificity, vomeronasal system-pheromones, has recently been questioned. Irrespective of the tools used to put such specificity in doubt, the diversity of the anatomy of the system itself in the animal kingdom is probably of more importance than has previously been considered. It has to be pointed out that a true vomeronasal system is integrated by the vomeronasal organ, the accessory olfactory bulb, and the so-called vomeronasal amygdala. Therefore, it seems reasonable to establish the corresponding differences between a well-developed vomeronasal system and other areas of the nasal cavity in which putative olfactory receptors, perhaps present in other kinds of mammals, may be able to detect pheromones and to process them. In consequence, a solid pattern for one such system in one particular species needs to be chosen. Here we report on an analysis of the general morphological characteristics of the accessory olfactory bulb in mice, a species commonly used in the study of the vomeronasal system, during growth and in adults. Our results indicate that the critical period for the formation of this structure comprises the stages between the first and the fifth day after birth, when the stratification of the bulb, the peculiarities of each type of cell, and the final building of glomeruli are completed. In addition, our data suggest that the conventional plexiform layers of the main olfactory bulb are not present in the accessory bulb. Anat Rec Part A, 288A: 1009-1025, 2006. 2006 Key words: vomeronasal system; accessory olfactory bulb; growth; anatomy; mouseOdors are detected in the majority of mammals by means of two systems, the main olfactory system (MOS) and the vomeronasal system (VNS) (Halpern, 1987;Brennan, 2001;Halpern and Martínez-Marcos, 2003), which, despite some differences, basically share a common pattern of organization (Mori, 1987). Each consists of a sensory epithelium, two olfactory bulbs, and different telencephalic structures. This similarity results in the olfactory information being processed in a like manner in both systems, although there are also some specific morphological differences, and at molecular level different genes are involved in the transduction mechanism (Buck and Axel, 1991;Dulac and Axel, 1995;Mombaerts, 1999).The main olfactory (MOB) and the accessory olfactory bulbs (AOB), which are the first relay stations in each system, play a key role in the physiological mechanism of olfaction. Within the bulbs, glomeruli organize the corresponding input and output information

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“…S3F and G; Table 1). Finally, we considered an additional candidate transcript, Omp (olfactory marker protein), since the Omp mRNA and FXGs are both expressed within axons of olfactory sensory neurons (14,15,24,25). As shown in Fig.…”

Section: Ribosomes and Mrna In Brain Axonsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Axonal ribosomes and mRNAs associate with fragile X granules in adult rodent and human brains

et al. 2017

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Local mRNA translation in growing axons allows for rapid and precise regulation of protein expression in response to extrinsic stimuli. However, the role of local translation in mature CNS axons is unknown. Such a mechanism requires the presence of translational machinery and associated mRNAs in circuit-integrated brain axons. Here we use a combination of genetic, quantitative imaging and super-resolution microscopy approaches to show that mature axons in the mammalian brain contain ribosomes, the translational regulator FMRP and a subset of FMRP mRNA targets. This axonal translational machinery is associated with Fragile X granules (FXGs), which are restricted to axons in a stereotyped subset of brain circuits. FXGs and associated axonal translational machinery are present in hippocampus in humans as old as 57 years. This FXGassociated axonal translational machinery is present in adult rats, even when adult neurogenesis is blocked. In contrast, in mouse this machinery is only observed in juvenile hippocampal axons. This differential developmental expression was specific to the hippocampus, as both mice and rats exhibit FXGs in mature axons in the adult olfactory system. Experiments in Fmr1 null mice show that FMRP regulates axonal protein expression but is not required for axonal transport of ribosomes or its target mRNAs. Axonal translational machinery is thus a feature of adult CNS neurons. Regulation of this machinery by FMRP could support complex behaviours in humans throughout life.

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Information coding in the olfactory system: Evidence for a stereotyped and highly organized epitope map in the olfactory bulb

Cited by 1,092 publications

References 56 publications

Differential expression of neuregulins and their receptors in the olfactory bulb layers of the developing mouse

Differential expression of neuregulins and their receptors in the olfactory bulb layers of the developing mouse

General organization of the perinatal and adult accessory olfactory bulb in mice

Axonal ribosomes and mRNAs associate with fragile X granules in adult rodent and human brains

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