Information authentication system using interference of two beams in gyrator transform domain

Abstract

A novel information authentication system, i.e., an asymmetric optical interference of two beams in the gyrator transform (GT) domain, is proposed. In this algorithm, the input color image is divided into R, G, and B channels. The complex field of each channel is constructed by the inverse Fourier transform of the channel attached with a random phase function. The phase-only mask (POM) and amplitude-only mask (AOM) are analytically derived from the complex field. The POM and AOM are separately gyrator transformed. The two asymmetric phase keys and two encrypted images are obtained by the amplitude truncations and phase truncations of the transform images, respectively. Finally, the encoded image is produced by the interference of two encrypted images. The two asymmetric keys and two angle parameters of the GT are regarded as additional keys for each channel to enhance the security level of the cryptosystem. The noniterative authentication procedure is devoid of any silhouette problem. The proposed system can be implemented digitally or optically, and its architecture is free from optical misalignment problems. The theoretical analysis and numerical simulation results both validate the proposed technique.

Generalized Arnold map-based optical multiple color-image encoding in gyrator transform domain

“…The GT can also be computer simulated by using phase-only filtering, Fourier transform and inverse Fourier transform [40]. The GT based color image encryption [11,12,19,20,41,44] and gray image encryption [42,43] have been researched. …”

“…The PFFT-based encryption system recently has been found to be vulnerable to a specific attack when the encrypting keys are used as public keys [18]. The simplest solution to the specific attack is to keep the encryption keys as private keys [19][20][21] or apply different phase keys for different plaintexts during the encryption process.…”

An asymmetric single-channel color image encryption based on Hartley transform and gyrator transform

“…Although high robustness against existing attacks could be achieved owing to phase truncation in Fourier domain, it has been found to be vulnerable to the specific attack based on the iterative Fourier transforms when the two RPMs are used as public keys to encrypt different plaintexts [24]. In order avoid specific attack; the first way is to extend the PTFT-based cryptosystem into the fractional Fourier transform domain [25], gyrator domain directly [26][27][28]. The second way is to introduce an undercover amplitude modulator in the PTFT-based security system [25].…”

Gyrator wavelet transform based non-linear multiple single channel information fusion and authentication

“…Recently, this system has revealed a security flaw to a known public key attack [17]. This attack can be avoided if the encryption keys are used as private keys or different phase keys are applied for different plaintexts [18][19][20][21][22]. The optical encryption systems have been evolved into multiple-image encryption and authentication systems owing to economic memory occupation and efficient transmission through a network [23−31].…”