“…In developed countries, due to the existence of a comprehensive intellectual property services system, their IPS industry have been continuously refined and detailed. As a result, most western scholars have not directly referred to the term “intellectual property services” in their research on intellectual property services measurement [ 29 , 30 ]. Instead, they have used terms such as “innovation intermediary” [ 31 ], “information intermediary” [ 32 ] and “patent broker” [ 33 ].…”