Informal Migrant Entrepreneurship and Inclusive Growth in South Africa, Zimbabwe and Mozambique

Crush, Jonathan; Skinner, Caroline; Chikanda, Abel

doi:10.2307/j.ctvh8r08d

Cited by 31 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…New immigrant gateways often lack functional institutional infrastructures to ensure the successful incorporation of migrants into the fabric of economic and social life, and as a result, adverse experiences in these sites of settlement can negatively affect the trajectories of migrants' lives and livelihoods. For some, new economic opportunities may emerge within the informal spaces of migrant incorporation, whereas, for others, the prospects of economic advancement may be highly constrained by inhospitable conditions in local economies (see Crush, Chikanda, & Skinner, ; Myroniuk & Vearey, ; Simone, ). These outcomes are contingent on a range of factors and thus are open to empirical investigation.…”

Section: Introduction: New Immigrant Destinationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Informality and the context of reception in South Africa's new immigrant destinations

Theodore

Pretorius

Blaauw

et al. 2017

Population Space and Place

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This study examines the context of reception for Zimbabwean migrants who are engaged in South Africa's informal economy. It seeks to contribute to two areas of migration scholarship:(a) the emergence of new immigrant destinations in the global South and (b) the role of the informal economy in shaping the context of reception for migrants in new gateway cities.Through surveys of Zimbabwean day labourers in Tshwane (formerly Pretoria), we document the poverty and the food and housing insecurity these migrants and their dependents endure resulting from underemployment in the informal economy. The analysis presented here suggests that although it has received little attention from migration scholars, the informal economy can play a significant role in shaping the context of reception for immigrants in the new gateway cities of the global South. In many destination countries, the informal economy absorbs large numbers of migrants, making it an important, if flawed, source of employment, earnings, and remittances.With increasing levels of migration to major cities, the informal economy has become a key arena of migrant incorporation, with far-reaching implications for lives and livelihoods.

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Section: Introduction: New Immigrant Destinationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Informality and the context of reception in South Africa's new immigrant destinations

Theodore

Pretorius

Blaauw

et al. 2017

Population Space and Place

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“…The promotion of entrepreneurship in Southern African countries’ informal settlements is becoming rather affluent, especially in South Africa (Steyn, Rampa, & Marais, 2013; van Aswegen, 2012;), though also in Zimbabwe and Mozambique (Crush, Skinner, & Chikanda, 2015). Boudreaux (2008) points out the rapid growth of the African urban contexts due to rural migration, and that more often than not migrants end ‘accommodated’ in informal settlements because of costs in housing driven by governmental decisions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Promoting Entrepreneurship amid Youth in Windhoek’s Informal Settlements: A Namibian Case

Winschiers‐Theophilus¹,

Cabrero²,

Chivuno-Kuria³

et al. 2017

Science, Technology and Society

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Considering the high unemployment rate among Namibian youth and a lack of job opportunities, the promotion of entrepreneurship has gained wider attention in the country. A number of initiatives have been started such as entrepreneurship trainings and workshops, business idea competitions, etc. All these aim to inspire young people to think of alternative income sources. As part of a two-year funded community outreach research and development (R&D) project, we have investigated participatory approaches to engage marginalized youth into conceptualizing their own context, imparting skills, and deriving new career paths. This paper reports and reflects on one of the interventions we have recently concluded with a group of youth in Havana, an informal settlement in the outskirts of Windhoek. We conducted what we entitled "The Havana Entrepreneur", a series of interactions inspired upon the model of the American reality game show "The Apprentice". Over a number of weeks two youth groups were given challenges to tackle by means of competing against one another. After completion of each challenge, groups were rated by a number of judges on skills demonstrated such as marketing, presentation, reflection and creativity among others. We observed an increase in, and improvement of skills revealed along tasks' completion, besides an openly expressed self-realization and discovery of abilities by participants. Moreover, the youth are currently engaged in the continuation of activities beyond the initial entrepreneurial interactions. Thus we suggest replicating "The Havana Entrepreneur", including the recording on camera of it by the youth themselves as a new mode to instigating a wider entrepreneurial spirit in informal settlements.

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“…Figure 4.1 (a) confirms a study conducted among African countries which showed that at least 37% of women (of working age) have start-up businesses, though this figure is 3% lower than that of their male counterparts in that same economies (Kelley, Singer & Herrington, 2016). In sum, the issue of gender in the informal retailing sector is very important because women experience discrimination in this sector: they are viewed as workers rather than business owners (Crush, Skinner & Chikanda, 2015). .2 above indicates that 34.5% of South African traders had less than 3 years of trading in the area, while 30.9% had between 3 and 5 years of trading in the area.…”

Section: Findings and Analysis Response Ratementioning

confidence: 99%

Competitive factors between local and foreign national small business retailers in South Africa: The case of Cape Town’s Townships

Malgas¹,

Zondi²

2021

JBRMR

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This paper is based on the study that sought to identify the core competitive factors that differentiate foreign national small business retailers from local South African small business retailers in the way they operate their small retailing businesses. Primary research was conducted in two of Cape Town’s (South Africa) townships, Delft and Eindhoven. The population of the study comprised two groups, namely, South African and foreign national small business retailers operating grocery retailer stores. The first group consisted of 55 South African small business retailers while the second group consisted of 75 migrant small business retailers. A random sample was targeted from each group and the quantitative research methodology was used in this study using a structured questionnaire with close-ended questions. The results showed growth of foreign national retailers and decline in the number of the local retailers in the two townships. The study showed that migrant retailers have a competitive edge over local retailers. The study also revealed that most local traders have a lower level of education compared to their migrant trader counterparts. Furthermore, the study revealed that most of local small business retailers have never had a business finance mentor in their entire trading life. The study revealed that there is a need for a targeted funding model for potential and current local small business retailers. The study proposes a three-stage business intervention model to assist South African small business retailers to become more competitive in township retailing environments.

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Informal Migrant Entrepreneurship and Inclusive Growth in South Africa, Zimbabwe and Mozambique

Cited by 31 publications

References 3 publications

Informality and the context of reception in South Africa's new immigrant destinations

Informality and the context of reception in South Africa's new immigrant destinations

Promoting Entrepreneurship amid Youth in Windhoek’s Informal Settlements: A Namibian Case

Competitive factors between local and foreign national small business retailers in South Africa: The case of Cape Town’s Townships

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