Infographic. New Zealand rugby’s community concussion initiative: keeping kiwi communities RugbySmart

Salmon, Danielle; Sullivan, John S.; Romanchuk, Janelle; Murphy, Ian; Walters, Simon; Whatman, Chris; Clacy, Amanda; Keung, Sierra; Vis, Klazina Van Der

doi:10.1136/bjsports-2019-100949

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 5 publications

(5 reference statements)

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“…Purposeful sampling was used to target a select group of schools representing a range of ethnic, socioeconomic, gender, and geographic backgrounds. As part of NZR’s RugbySmart Concussion Initiative, 17 participants were invited to complete the paper-based RoCKAS survey before attending a pre-season concussion education session. Registered coaches were invited to participate via email based on the previous year’s (2017) coach registration database.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…7–10 Previous research also suggests that females are at a higher risk of sustaining a concussion than males. 11 , 12 As a result, improving concussion prevention strategies and management to reduce risk and enhance player welfare in youth is a priority for many sporting organisations, 13 , 14 including rugby 15–17 and should explore further the impact of gender. 11 , 12 A primary difficulty for improving concussion management strategies is the level of injury non-disclosure, which is documented internationally and across numerous sports.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Concussion knowledge, attitude and reporting intention in rugby coaches and high school rugby players

Salmon

Romanchuk

Sullivan

et al. 2020

International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching

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The aim of this study was to evaluate New Zealand high school rugby union players’ and community coaches’ concussion knowledge (CK), concussion attitude (CA) and concussion reporting intentions (CRI) and to explore the impact gender, age, ethnicity, socio-economic status, experience, and concussion history had on these outcome measures. This cross-sectional study utilised the Rosenbaum Concussion Knowledge and Attitudes survey to evaluate CK, CA and CRI. The survey and demographic information were completed by 533 high school players (61.5% male, M = 16.2 yrs) and 733 community rugby coaches (93.0% male, M = 42.2 yrs). Coaches displayed greater awareness, safer attitudes, and stronger reporting intentions towards concussion than players. Among players, differences in CK, CA and CRI were observed by gender, ethnicity, and socio-economic status. Among coaches, differences in CRI were found by age and coaching experience. No differences were observed for age or concussion history in players. Gender, ethnicity, and grade coached were not significant for coaches. Players who identified as Māori or Pasifika and those from schools in low socio-economic areas displayed poorer CK and CA. Years of experience for both players and coaches played a critical role in improving CA and is a factor that should be considered when welcoming new participants to either role. Concussion non-disclosure is a systemic issue and is common across gender, ethnicity and socio-economic status and appears to worsen as the playing season progresses. More work is needed to develop educational strategies that are both culturally responsive, sustainable, and address reporting behaviours.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Concussion knowledge, attitude and reporting intention in rugby coaches and high school rugby players

Salmon

Romanchuk

Sullivan

et al. 2020

International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…3,17 In 2018, NZR began piloting a Community Concussion Initiative (CCI) which adopted a system approach to identify key stakeholders involved in the management of concussions, their level of influence and the impact these factors have on player welfare. 18 The CCI's purpose was to facilitate a positive change in concussion attitudes and reporting behaviours in both players and the wider community by considering potential systemic influences. The Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) offers a framework to explore the barriers to concussion reporting in community sport; it purports that reporting behaviour is determined by intention, which is, in turn, predicted by attitudes (beliefs around the consequences of reporting concussion), subjective norms (beliefs around the views of other stakeholders) and perceived behavioural control (beliefs about ability to identify or confidence to report a concussion).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Concussion education for New Zealand high school rugby players: A mixed-method analysis of the impact on concussion knowledge, attitudes and reporting behaviours

Salmon

Badenhorst

Brown

et al. 2023

International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching

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Players who lack the knowledge to recognise the signs and symptoms of concussions may be less likely to disclose their injury. New Zealand Rugby's Community Concussion Initiative includes an interactive education session highlighting peer-recognition of concussions. This mixed-method study examined the effect of an education session on high school players’ concussion knowledge and attitudes as well as the impact of player demographics on these variables. Focus groups were used to explore player experiences. The RoCKAS-ST was used to measure concussion knowledge/attitudes before and after the education session. Multiple linear regression examined associations between demographic variables, including school decile (relative wealth of the geographic region the school serves), and pre-education concussion knowledge/attitudes scores. Wilcoxon signed-rank tests compared pre-concussion and post-concussion knowledge/attitudes scores. Qualitative data were analysed via thematic analysis. Overall, 532 players completed questionnaires; 75 players participated in focus groups. Pasifika players had lower concussion knowledge than NZ Europeans ( p < .001). Mid-decile schools had higher concussion attitudes scores than low decile schools ( p < .001). Pre-education and post-education session concussion attitudes and knowledge scores did not differ significantly, suggesting the one-off education session was not successful in improving these outcomes. Players identified: (i) the education session to be valuable, but some uncertainties remained; (ii) the importance of player comfort, interaction and comprehension; (iii) the need for role models, real stories and regular content refreshers. Requests for presenter diversity, support and easily understood information were more prominent in Māori/Pasifika and low-decile groups. Greater consideration of these factors is necessary in the development of education interventions.

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“…10 Tacklers were concussed at higher rates in the intervention period than pre-intervention period. 10 The effectiveness of the tackle clinics, RugbySmart Community Concussion Initiative 31 and NRL Tackle Safe program, 25 to reduce concussion risk remains unknown.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can prior instruction successfully alter the tackle type executed by a player?

Edwards

Tahu

Buchanan

et al. 2021

International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching

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The tackle is the in-game activity with the greatest risk for injury in collision sports. Qualitative match analysis has associated injury risk with tackle technique (e.g. tackle height, head position before contact). This exploratory study used gold-standard three-dimensional (3D) motion capture to investigate whether prior instructions to a tackler to execute different torso tackle types altered their tackle technique. Fifteen amateur-level rugby code players performed four sets of 10 tackle trials after instructions from an expert coach: two Australian National Rugby League (NRL) coaching manual instructions on upper and lower torso tackle height (UpperNRL, LowerNRL); and two novel variants that altered the tackler’s contact with the ball carrier’s upper torso ( UpperPop) via a vertical ‘pop action’, or mid-torso ( MidTorso) via increasing the contact height to the mid-torso. 3 D motion capture confirmed a favourable ‘head up and forward’ gaze focus on ball carrier before contact and a ‘straight back’ posture was more evident in UpperPop instruction than other instructions, with the least flexion for the head, trunk, trunk-pelvis, thoracolumbar and lumbopelvic (p < 0.01). MidTorso also attained a more optimal ‘head up and forward’ and a ‘straight back’ posture than a LowerNRL (p < 0.001). ‘Leg drive on contact’ revealed ankle, hip (p < 0.01) and thigh angles (p < 0.05) differences, likely to reflect the UpperPop ‘pop action’ instruction than other instructions. For coaches, this study demonstrated that amateur-level rugby-code players could follow instruction from an expert coach to execute tackling techniques within a session. Inclusion of tackle specific coaching instruction training program may be a viable injury reduction strategy.

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Infographic. New Zealand rugby’s community concussion initiative: keeping kiwi communities RugbySmart

Cited by 10 publications

References 5 publications

Concussion knowledge, attitude and reporting intention in rugby coaches and high school rugby players

Concussion knowledge, attitude and reporting intention in rugby coaches and high school rugby players

Concussion education for New Zealand high school rugby players: A mixed-method analysis of the impact on concussion knowledge, attitudes and reporting behaviours

Can prior instruction successfully alter the tackle type executed by a player?

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