Influx of diverse, drug resistant and transmissible Plasmodium falciparum into a malaria-free setting in Qatar

Al-Rumhi, Abir; Al-Hashami, Zainab; Al-Hamidhi, Salama; Gadalla, Amal; Naeem, Raeece; Ranford-Cartwright, Lisa; Pain, Arnab; Sultan, Ali A.; Babiker, Hamza A.

doi:10.1186/s12879-020-05111-6

Cited by 6 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Presently the larval density levels of A. stephensi and A. pulcherrimus are well below the threshold for transmission due to arid conditions. ii) the extensive use of water for agricultural irrigation and domestic purposes, iii) recent reports of imported drug resistant malaria cases in the neighboring country, Qatar [33]. A significant change in the drug sensitivity pattern of P. falciparum isolates from these countries and this report of imported mixed Plasmodium infections from India will have an important impact on the future therapeutic, as well as prophylactic policies for P. falciparum infection in Kuwait.…”

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 79%

“…falciparum and P . vivax infections are less frequent, occurring only in 2% of the cases [ 19 , 33 ]. On the contrary, P .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…pulcherrimus are well below the threshold for transmission due to arid conditions. ii) the extensive use of water for agricultural irrigation and domestic purposes, iii) recent reports of imported drug resistant malaria cases in the neighboring country, Qatar [ 33 ]. A significant change in the drug sensitivity pattern of P .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The detection of mixed P. falciparum and P. vivax infections in 72.3% of malaria cases in Kuwait is the highest reported so far from among the GCC countries. The majority of imported malaria cases in Qatar and United Arab Emirates are caused by P. vivax followed by P. falciparum [19,23], and mixed P. falciparum and P. vivax infections are less frequent, occurring only in 2% of the cases [19,33]. On the contrary, P. falciparum malaria is more common https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0243617.g004…”

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies are urgently needed to investigate the molecular basis of resistance of mixed Plasmodium infections in Kuwait and correlation with disease severity and outcome. Recently, a number of reports have documented an influx of diverse, drug resistant malaria cases in the neighboring countries of Qatar and Saudi Arabia [10,33,37]. Moreover, the ICMR-National Institute of Malaria Research (ICMR-NIMR) in India has recently reported drug resistant strains of P. falciparum, mainly from East and Northeast of India [17,38].…”

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

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Decreasing trend of imported malaria cases but increasing influx of mixed P. falciparum and P. vivax infections in malaria-free Kuwait

2020

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Malaria still continues to be the most important parasitic disease worldwide, affecting 228 million people and causing 405,000 deaths each year. In this retrospective study during 2013 to 2018, we documented the incidence of imported malaria infection and evaluated the impact of malaria preventive measures in Kuwait, a non-endemic country. The epidemiologic and demographic data of all malaria cases was collected from the Infectious Diseases Hospital, Kuwait where all suspected cases of malaria are referred for confirmation and therapeutic intervention. The diagnosis of malaria infection was done by microscopy of Giemsa stained blood films. Selected samples were retested with BinaxNOW® Malaria rapid test and molecular assay to reconfirm the Plasmodium spp. or mixed infection. Overall, 1913 (25.9%) malaria cases were detected, 81.5% of which were among male subjects. Male subjects had higher incidence of P. vivax malaria (113; 91.1%) and mixed infection with P. falciparum and P. vivax (1245; 90.0%) compared to females who had higher rate of P. falciparum infection (52.4%). An overwhelming majority of malaria cases (1895; 99.1%) were detected among expatriates from malaria-endemic countries; India (1012; 52.9%), Pakistan (390; 20.4%), Afghanistan (94; 4.9%) and African countries (313; 16.3%). Only 18 cases involved Kuwaiti nationals, all with a history of travel to African countries. The majority of malaria cases were detected during the summer and fall months (May-October). Our data showed that the incidence rate of imported malaria cases was stable during 2013 to 2018, however, the incidence of total malaria cases showed a declining trend over the years. This study confirms that the preventive program has been successful in reducing the incidence of imported malaria infections in Kuwait. The most striking finding of this study was high incidence of mixed infection with P. falciparum and P. vivax, with almost all (97%) cases among workers from India.

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Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 79%

“…falciparum and P . vivax infections are less frequent, occurring only in 2% of the cases [ 19 , 33 ]. On the contrary, P .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

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Decreasing trend of imported malaria cases but increasing influx of mixed P. falciparum and P. vivax infections in malaria-free Kuwait

2020

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The Role of Ultrasensitive Molecular Methods for Detecting Malaria—The Broader Perspective

Kamaliddin

Sutherland

Houzé

et al. 2021

Clinical Infectious Diseases

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Ultra-sensitive molecular diagnostics are lowering the limit of detection for malaria parasites in the blood and providing insights not captured by conventional tool such as microscopy and rapid antigen tests. Low-level malaria infections identified by molecular tools may influence clinical outcomes, transmission events, and elimination efforts. While many ultra-sensitive molecular methods require well-equipped laboratories, technologies such as loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) or recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) provide more portable and analytically sensitive solutions. These tools may benefit asymptomatic patient screening, antenatal care, and elimination campaigns. We review the recent evidence, offer our perspective on the impact of these new tests and identify future research priorities.

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Knowledge and treatment-seeking behavior among malaria suspected patients in two hospitals of district Malakand

Khan

Shah

Tahir

et al. 2021

Preprint

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BackgroundMalaria remains a significant public health problem over the last two decades in Pakistan. to prevent malaria infection and develop malaria-free zones, understanding the knowledge, treatment-seeking behavior, and preventive measures toward the malaria infection of the inhabitant are necessary. This study is designed to assess the knowledge, malaria preventive measures, treatment-seeking behaviors, and socio-economic profiles, among suspected malaria patients in district Malakand, Pakistan.MethodsCurrent research was a hospital-based cross-sectional study, in which patients attending DHQ hospital Batkhela and THQ hospital Dargai were recruited. A pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect demographic characteristics, knowledge, and treatment-seeking behavior of the patients for malaria infection. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20.ResultsA total of 1100 malaria suspected individuals were interviewed. The respondent’s ages ranged from 3-80 years, with a mean of 19.5 years. Participation of Males was more than female, 54.3% and 45.6% respectively. Participants belonging to education departments were more participated in the survey (55%) than others, while most of the individuals were from rural areas (78.1%), and the number of individuals >8 is higher than below <8 members. The majority of the respondents (76.2%) were voted to sleep uncovered than covered (23.7%). Most of the individuals (83.36%) were of the view to use allopathic treatments after getting malaria while only 16.63% were used homeopathy, and financial issues were reported as the major reason for the delay in treatment. Regarding treatment time after getting malaria, 68.8% were received within a week and, 31.3% were within 24 hours. Most of the infected individuals (87.9%) were known that mosquitoes as the causing source of malaria infection, and can be controlled by eliminating breeding grounds, using mosquito repellents and bed net 86%, 7.2%, and 6.6% respectively. ConclusionsMalakand is one of the malaria-endemic regions of Pakistan. The present study highlighted that the majority of the respondents have good knowledge about malaria infection, mode of transmission of the plasmodium parasite, and preventive measures. Further strategies are required for the control of malaria infection.

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Influx of diverse, drug resistant and transmissible Plasmodium falciparum into a malaria-free setting in Qatar

Cited by 6 publications

References 47 publications

Decreasing trend of imported malaria cases but increasing influx of mixed P. falciparum and P. vivax infections in malaria-free Kuwait

Decreasing trend of imported malaria cases but increasing influx of mixed P. falciparum and P. vivax infections in malaria-free Kuwait

The Role of Ultrasensitive Molecular Methods for Detecting Malaria—The Broader Perspective

Knowledge and treatment-seeking behavior among malaria suspected patients in two hospitals of district Malakand

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