Influenza Viruses: Clinical Spectrum and Management

Nicholson, Karl G.

doi:10.1007/978-94-011-7930-0_15

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…Sickness behaviors are manifestations of pathophysiological changes in the brain that accompany overt viral infections and include changes in body temperature and sleep, headache, anorexia and cognitive impairment (Majde and Krueger, 2005; Nicholson, 1998). Severe influenza in mice is characterized by a precipitous reduction in body temperature (Wong et al, 1997) together with a disappearance of circadian temperature rhythms (Conn et al, 1995; Majde et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influenza virus pathophysiology and brain invasion in mice with functional and dysfunctional Mx1 genes

Hodgson

Bohnet

Majde

et al. 2012

Brain, Behavior, and Immunity

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Mice with a dysfunctional myxovirus resistance-1 (dMx1) gene transport intranasally-instilled PR8 influenza virus to the olfactory bulb (OB) within 4 h post-infection. To determine if the presence of a functional Mx1 (fMx1) gene would influence this brain viral localization and/or disease, we infected mature C57BL/6 dMx1 and fMx1 mice under the same conditions and observed sickness behaviors, viral nucleoprotein (NP) RNA expression and innate immune mediator (IIM) mRNA expression in selected tissues at 15 and 96 h post-infection. Virus invaded the OB and lungs comparably in both sub-strains at 15 and 96 h as determined by nested PCR. In contrast, virus was present in blood and somatosensory cortex of dMx1, but not fMx1 mice at 96 h. At 15 h, sickness behaviors were comparable in both sub-strains; by 96 h dMx1, but not fMx1, were moribund. In both 15 h and 96 h lungs, viral NP was significantly elevated in the dMx1 mice compared to the fMx1 mice, as determined by quantitative PCR. OB expression of most IIM mRNAs was similar at both time periods in both sub-strains. In contrast, lung IIM mRNAs were elevated in fMx1 at 15 h, but by 96 h were consistently reduced compared to dMx1 mice. In conclusion, functional Mx1 did not alter OB invasion by virus but attenuated illness compared to dMx1 mice. Inflammation was similar in OBs and lungs of both strains at 15 h but by 96 h it was suppressed in lungs, but not in OBs, of fMx1 mice.

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