Influenza Viruses

Glezen, W. Paul; Couch, Robert B.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4613-0705-1_15

Cited by 14 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 210 publications

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“…Although we focused on hospitalized cases, influenza A/H1N1v episodes were mainly self-limited, consisting of febrile respiratory illness and requiring short duration of hospitalization (median 3 days) with or without oxygen supplementation. Initial clinical features did not differ from seasonal flu [ 30 ], except for the higher proportion of children presenting with gastrointestinal manifestations, as described in previous studies [ 12 , 23 , 24 ]. This involvement of the gastrointestinal tract could be subsequent to a high rate of influenza A/H1N1v virus replication [ 31 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 53%

Pandemic A/H1N1v influenza 2009 in hospitalized children: a multicenter Belgian survey

et al. 2011

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BackgroundDuring the 2009 influenza A/H1N1v pandemic, children were identified as a specific "at risk" group. We conducted a multicentric study to describe pattern of influenza A/H1N1v infection among hospitalized children in Brussels, Belgium.MethodsFrom July 1, 2009, to January 31, 2010, we collected epidemiological and clinical data of all proven (positive H1N1v PCR) and probable (positive influenza A antigen or culture) pediatric cases of influenza A/H1N1v infections, hospitalized in four tertiary centers.ResultsDuring the epidemic period, an excess of 18% of pediatric outpatients and emergency department visits was registered. 215 children were hospitalized with proven/probable influenza A/H1N1v infection. Median age was 31 months. 47% had ≥ 1 comorbid conditions. Febrile respiratory illness was the most common presentation. 36% presented with initial gastrointestinal symptoms and 10% with neurological manifestations. 34% had pneumonia. Only 24% of the patients received oseltamivir but 57% received antibiotics. 10% of children were admitted to PICU, seven of whom with ARDS. Case fatality-rate was 5/215 (2%), concerning only children suffering from chronic neurological disorders. Children over 2 years of age showed a higher propensity to be admitted to PICU (16% vs 1%, p = 0.002) and a higher mortality rate (4% vs 0%, p = 0.06). Infants less than 3 months old showed a milder course of infection, with few respiratory and neurological complications.ConclusionAlthough influenza A/H1N1v infections were generally self-limited, pediatric burden of disease was significant. Compared to other countries experiencing different health care systems, our Belgian cohort was younger and received less frequently antiviral therapy; disease course and mortality were however similar.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 53%

Pandemic A/H1N1v influenza 2009 in hospitalized children: a multicenter Belgian survey

et al. 2011

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“…10 The absence of a significant association between month-of-birth and the occurrence of ALL would not rule out the existence of a viral leukemogen. However, the identification of an increased incidence of ALL as afunction of month-of-birth, due to latent viral infection occurring during the perinatal period, would strengthen the plausibility of a viral link to ALL.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Month-of-Birth and Incidence of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in Children

1996

Leukemia & Lymphoma

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As a means of examining the virus-relatedness of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in children, we investigated the association between month-of-birth and the occurrence of ALL in 1487 children aged 0-15 years at the time of diagnosis. Our hypothesis being that evidence of seasonal variation in births of ALL cases would suggest exposure to a transmissible etiologic agent during the perinatal period. The data were obtained from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program and consisted of children diagnosed during the years 1973-1986. Aggregate monthly incidence rates of ALL stratified by month-of-birth, for each SEER site, all sites combined, and for broad geographic regions were calculated. No evidence for an association between month-of-birth and childhood ALL was found.

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“…However, much less is known regarding neurologic complications. Seasonal influenza A and B viruses have varying degrees of neurovirulence ( 5 ) and can cause a variety of neurologic complications including Reye syndrome, Guillian-Barre syndrome, transverse myelitis, encephalopathy, aseptic meningitis, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM), acute necrotizing encephalopathy (ANE) and seizures ( 6 , 7 ). Seizures are the most frequently reported neurologic complication and, in young patients, most of these manifest as febrile convulsion ( 8 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurologic Complications and Outcomes of Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 in Korean Children

et al. 2012

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Neurologic complications of children with influenza A H1N1 2009 pandemic, diagnosed in two consecutive influenza seasons were retrospectively reviewed to seek better outcomes in future outbreaks. Patient demographics, clinical manifestations and neurologic outcomes were reviewed. A total of 1,389 children were diagnosed with influenza A H1N1 by real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Of these, 23 (1.7%) patients had neurologic involvement. Their mean age was 5.9 ± 3.6 yr (range, 6 months to 11 yr) and 16 (69.9%) were boys. None of the 23 patients had been vaccinated for influenza A H1N1 and seasonal influenzas. Twenty-two of the 23 patients presented with seizures. Clinical features included febrile convulsion (n = 19), afebrile convulsion (n = 1), aseptic meningitis (n = 1), encephalopathy (n = 1), and acute necrotizing encephalopathy (n = 1). They all were treated with Oseltamivir twice daily for 5 days immediately after nasal and throat swab testing. Twenty-one of the subjects recovered fully, but the youngest two infants experienced severe neurological sequelae. The results indicate that neurologic complications associated with influenza A H1N1 2009 pandemic were mostly mild, but rarely were serious. Prompt intervention leads to a better outcome and vaccination may prevent the disease, thus staving off serious neurological complications following influenza, especially in young infants.

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Influenza Viruses

Cited by 14 publications

References 210 publications

Pandemic A/H1N1v influenza 2009 in hospitalized children: a multicenter Belgian survey

Pandemic A/H1N1v influenza 2009 in hospitalized children: a multicenter Belgian survey

Month-of-Birth and Incidence of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in Children

Neurologic Complications and Outcomes of Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 in Korean Children

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