Influenza virus survival in aerosols and estimates of viable virus loss resulting from aerosolization and air-sampling

Brown, Julianne R.; Tang, Julian W.; Pankhurst, Louise; Klein, Nigel; Gant, Vincent U.; Lai, Ka Man; McCauley, John W.; Breuer, Judith

doi:10.1016/j.jhin.2015.08.004

Cited by 39 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 10 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…This is in agreement with previously documented works [40][41][42][43]. The success in collection of the virus in the second experiment was obtained at an air suspension time of 1.0 min, while shorter suspension times of 15.0, 30.0, and 45.0 sec failed in recovering the virus from the transport medium.…”

Section: Optimization Of the Impinger Variablessupporting

confidence: 91%

Standardization of a Protocol for Quantitative Evaluation of Anti-Aerosolized Influenza Virus Activity by Vapors of a Chemically-Characterized Essential Oil Blend

Kumosani¹,

Obeid²,

Shaib³

et al. 2017

J Prev Infect Cntrol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The aim of this research is to standardize the conditions of a constructed impinger, enabling to evaluate quantitatively the anti-aerosolized H9N2 avian influenza virus (AIV) activity by vapors of a chemically-characterized essential oil blend. The standardization resulted in 100% recovery of the aerosolized H9N2 virus when the impinger's conditions were set at aerosolized viral particles count of 1.2 × 10 6 /c.c. of Tryptose Phosphate Broth, temperature of 35°C, average micelle diameter of 44.3 μm, negative pressure of 6 mbar, air-suspension time of H9N2 virus of 1.5 min, collection chamber and its transport medium volumes of 250 cc and 25 cc, respectively. The adoption of the above standardized conditions, with an inclusion of vaporized essential oil (EO) at 1.0 × 10 -4 μl EO/μl volume of the pulverization chamber, and contact times of 0.5-1.5 min with the H9N2 virus, resulted in 84.6% reduction in viral titer at 1.5 min contact time, compared to the control virus, deprived from contact with vaporized EO (P<0.05). This new finding will help in future investigations related to application of safe essential oils in reduction of air-suspended influenza virus in closed systems harboring domestic animals and human populations.

show abstract

Section: Optimization Of the Impinger Variablessupporting

confidence: 91%

Standardization of a Protocol for Quantitative Evaluation of Anti-Aerosolized Influenza Virus Activity by Vapors of a Chemically-Characterized Essential Oil Blend

Kumosani¹,

Obeid²,

Shaib³

et al. 2017

J Prev Infect Cntrol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…However, PCR-based methods typically cannot differentiate between viable and nonviable microbes. 32 A recent study found that PCR substantially overestimated the quantity of infectious airborne influenza virus, but the differences in infectious versus noninfectious virus over time were similar to data from quantification by plaqueforming units, which determined that virus losses were evident within 30-60 minutes postaerosolization. 32 Generally, enveloped viruses survive better at lower RH, but there are many exceptions.…”

Section: Environmental Factors That Influence Airborne Microbial Survmentioning

confidence: 74%

“…32 A recent study found that PCR substantially overestimated the quantity of infectious airborne influenza virus, but the differences in infectious versus noninfectious virus over time were similar to data from quantification by plaqueforming units, which determined that virus losses were evident within 30-60 minutes postaerosolization. 32 Generally, enveloped viruses survive better at lower RH, but there are many exceptions. 28 Other factors that affect aerosol activation in relation to RH include evaporative activity (ie, dehydration, rehydration), surface areas of particles, and pH.…”

Section: Environmental Factors That Influence Airborne Microbial Survmentioning

confidence: 74%

Generic aspects of the airborne spread of human pathogens indoors and emerging air decontamination technologies

Ijaz

Zargar

Wright

et al. 2016

American Journal of Infection Control

101

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Indoor air can be an important vehicle for a variety of human pathogens. This review provides examples of airborne transmission of infectious agents from experimental and field studies and discusses how airborne pathogens can contaminate other parts of the environment to give rise to secondary vehicles leading air-surface-air nexus with possible transmission to susceptible hosts. The following groups of human pathogens are covered because of their known or potential airborne spread: vegetative bacteria (staphylococci and legionellae), fungi (Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Cladosporium spp and Stachybotrys chartarum), enteric viruses (noro- and rotaviruses), respiratory viruses (influenza and coronaviruses), mycobacteria (tuberculous and nontuberculous), and bacterial spore formers (Clostridium difficile and Bacillus anthracis). An overview of methods for experimentally generating and recovering airborne human pathogens is included, along with a discussion of factors that influence microbial survival in indoor air. Available guidelines from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and other global regulatory bodies for the study of airborne pathogens are critically reviewed with particular reference to microbial surrogates that are recommended. Recent developments in experimental facilities to contaminate indoor air with microbial aerosols are presented, along with emerging technologies to decontaminate indoor air under field-relevant conditions. Furthermore, the role that air decontamination may play in reducing the contamination of environmental surfaces and its combined impact on interrupting the risk of pathogen spread in both domestic and institutional settings is discussed.

show abstract

“…It must be noted that the PCR-based detection employed in this work determines a quantitative value of virus particles based on genetic material, and since it does not probe the complete and intact virus particles, it is not a complete analysis of influenza virus in terms of infective particles [9]. In fact, standard infectivity assays typically quantify virus by determining the amount required to produce cytopathic effects in 50% of cultured cells.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Impingers are liquid collection-based samplers relying on working volumes of 5 or 20 mL, whereas filters and impactors are dry collection-based samplers relying on an elution step to extract the collected virus from their respective solid supports. This elution can result in a large final extracted sample volume, typically on the order of several milliliters [6, 9–11]. These large volumes engender enormous dilution if only a few viral particles are present in the sampled volume of air, making these methods unsuitable for low LoD measurements.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sampling and detection of airborne influenza virus towards point-of-care applications

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Airborne transmission of the influenza virus contributes significantly to the spread of this infectious pathogen, particularly over large distances when carried by aerosol droplets with long survival times. Efficient sampling of virus-loaded aerosol in combination with a low limit of detection of the collected virus could enable rapid and early detection of airborne influenza virus at the point-of-care setting. Here, we demonstrate a successful sampling and detection of airborne influenza virus using a system specifically developed for such applications. Our system consists of a custom-made electrostatic precipitation (ESP)-based bioaerosol sampler that is coupled with downstream quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analysis. Aerosolized viruses are sampled directly into a miniaturized collector with liquid volume of 150 μL, which constitutes a simple and direct interface with subsequent biological assays. This approach reduces sample dilution by at least one order of magnitude when compared to other liquid-based aerosol bio-samplers. Performance of our ESP-based sampler was evaluated using influenza virus-loaded sub-micron aerosols generated from both cultured and clinical samples. Despite the miniaturized collection volume, we demonstrate a collection efficiency of at least 10% and sensitive detection of a minimum of 3721 RNA copies. Furthermore, we show that an improved extraction protocol can allow viral recovery of down to 303 RNA copies and a maximum sampler collection efficiency of 47%. A device with such a performance would reduce sampling times dramatically, from a few hours with current sampling methods down to a couple of minutes with our ESP-based bioaerosol sampler.

show abstract

Influenza virus survival in aerosols and estimates of viable virus loss resulting from aerosolization and air-sampling

Cited by 39 publications

References 10 publications

Standardization of a Protocol for Quantitative Evaluation of Anti-Aerosolized Influenza Virus Activity by Vapors of a Chemically-Characterized Essential Oil Blend

Standardization of a Protocol for Quantitative Evaluation of Anti-Aerosolized Influenza Virus Activity by Vapors of a Chemically-Characterized Essential Oil Blend

Generic aspects of the airborne spread of human pathogens indoors and emerging air decontamination technologies

Sampling and detection of airborne influenza virus towards point-of-care applications

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About