Influenza Virus Infection, Interferon Response, Viral Counter-Response, and Apoptosis

Shim, Jung Min; Kim, Jinhee; Tenson, Tanel; Min, Ji-Young; Kainov, Denis E.

doi:10.20944/preprints201705.0209.v2

Cited by 8 publications

References 32 publications

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Phosphorylation of JIP4 at S730 presents anti-viral properties against influenza A virus infection

Sarto

Gerlt

Friedrich

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Influenza A virus (IAV) is the causative agent of flu disease that results in annual epidemics and occasional pandemics. IAV alters several signaling pathways of the cellular host response in order to promote its replication. Therefore, our group investigates different host cell pathways modified in IAV infection as promising targets for long-lasting therapeutic approaches. Here, we show that c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK)-interacting protein (JIP) 4 is dynamically phosphorylated in IAV infection. Lack of JIP4 resulted in higher virus titers with significant differences in viral protein and mRNA accumulation as early as within the first replication cycle. In accordance, decreased IAV titers and protein accumulation was observed during overexpression of JIP4. Strikingly, the anti-viral function of JIP4 does neither originate from a modulation of JNK or p38 MAPK pathways, nor from altered expression of interferons or interferon-stimulated genes, but rather from a direct reduction of viral polymerase activity. Furthermore, interference of JIP4 with IAV replication is linked to phosphorylation of the serine at position 730, that is sufficient to impede with the viral polymerase and is mediated by the Raf/MEK/ERK pathway. Collectively, we provide evidence that JIP4, a host protein modulated in IAV infection, exhibits anti-viral properties that are dynamically controlled by its phosphorylation at S730.

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Phosphorylation of JIP4 at S730 presents anti-viral properties against influenza A virus infection

Sarto

Gerlt

Friedrich

et al. 2021

Preprint

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The Chicken cGAS–STING Pathway Exerts Interferon-Independent Antiviral Function via Cell Apoptosis

Jiang

Stankovic

et al. 2023

Animals

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It has been recently recognized that the DNA sensing innate immune cGAS-STING pathway exerts an IFN-independent antiviral function; however, whether and how chicken STING (chSTING) exerts such an IFN-independent antiviral activity is still unknown. Here, we showed that chSTING exerts an antiviral activity in HEK293 cells and chicken cells, independent of IFN production. chSTING was able to trigger cell apoptosis and autophagy independently of IFN, and the apoptosis inhibitors, rather than autophagy inhibitors, could antagonize the antiviral function of chSTING, suggesting the involvement of apoptosis in IFN-independent antiviral function. In addition, chSTING lost its antiviral function in IRF7-knockout chicken macrophages, indicating that IRF7 is not only essential for the production of IFN, but also participates in the other activities of chSTING, such as the apoptosis. Collectively, our results showed that chSTING exerts an antiviral function independent of IFN, likely via apoptosis.

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Exploring the Impact of Herbal Therapies on COVID-19 and Influenza: Investigating Novel Delivery Mechanisms for Emerging Interventions

Fornari Laurindo,

Taynara Marton,

Minniti

et al. 2023

Biologics

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Synthetic antivirals and corticosteroids have been used to treat both influenza and the SARS-CoV-2 disease named COVID-19. However, these medications are not always effective, produce several adverse effects, and are associated with high costs. Medicinal plants and their constituents act on several different targets and signaling pathways involved in the pathophysiology of influenza and COVID-19. This study aimed to perform a review to evaluate the effects of medicinal plants on influenza and COVID-19, and to investigate the potential delivery systems for new antiviral therapies. EMBASE, PubMed, GOOGLE SCHOLAR, and COCHRANE databases were searched. The studies included in this review showed that medicinal plants, in different formulations, can help to decrease viral spread and the time until full recovery. Plants reduced the incidence of acute respiratory syndromes and the symptom scores of the illnesses. Moreover, plants are related to few adverse effects and have low costs. In addition to their significance as natural antiviral agents, medicinal plants and their bioactive compounds may exhibit low bioavailability. This highlights the need for alternative delivery systems, such as metal nanoparticles, which can effectively transport these compounds to infected tissues.

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Influenza Virus Infection, Interferon Response, Viral Counter-Response, and Apoptosis

Cited by 8 publications

References 32 publications

Phosphorylation of JIP4 at S730 presents anti-viral properties against influenza A virus infection

Phosphorylation of JIP4 at S730 presents anti-viral properties against influenza A virus infection

The Chicken cGAS–STING Pathway Exerts Interferon-Independent Antiviral Function via Cell Apoptosis

Exploring the Impact of Herbal Therapies on COVID-19 and Influenza: Investigating Novel Delivery Mechanisms for Emerging Interventions

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