Influenza vaccine effectiveness to prevent influenza-related hospitalizations and serious outcomes in Canadian adults over the 2011/12 through 2013/14 influenza seasons: A pooled analysis from the Canadian Immunization Research Network (CIRN) Serious Outcomes Surveillance (SOS Network)

Nichols, Michaela; Andrew, Melissa K.; Hatchette, Todd F.; Ambrose, Ardith; Boivin, Guy; Bowie, William; Chit, Ayman; Santos, Gaël Dos; ElSherif, May; Green, Karen; Haguinet, François; Halperin, Scott A.; Ibarguchi, Barbara; Johnstone, Jennie; Katz, Kevin; Lagacé-Wiens, Philippe; Langley, Joanne M.; LeBlanc, Jason J.; Loeb, Mark; MacKinnon‐Cameron, Donna; McCarthy, Anne; McElhaney, Janet E.; McGeer, Allison; Poirier, André; Powis, Jeff; Richardson, David; Schuind, Anne; Semret, Makeda; Shinde, Vivek; Smith, Stephanie; Smyth, Daniel; Stiver, Grant; Taylor, Geoffrey; Trottier, Sylvie; Valiquette, Louis; Webster, Duncan; Ye, Lingyun; McNeil, Shelly

doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.02.093

Cited by 56 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Our results should be interpreted in the context of the definition for complicated hospitalization, as well as the case definition for influenza. There is currently no consensus of how to define complicated hospitalization, although some studies have reported on ICU admission, mechanical ventilation, and in-hospital death [4,16,22,23]. In the current study, complicated hospitalization was a composite of three outcomes, one of which is a treatment or support modality (mechanical ventilation), one mostly a metric for health care utilization (ICU admission), and one an indicator of severity (death during hospitalization).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Complicated hospitalization due to influenza: results from the Global Hospital Influenza Network for the 2017–2018 season

Lina

Georges²,

Burtseva³

et al. 2020

BMC Infect Dis

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Background: Since 2011, the Global Influenza Hospital Surveillance Network (GIHSN) has used active surveillance to prospectively collect epidemiological and virological data on patients hospitalized with influenza virus infection. Here, we describe influenza virus strain circulation in the GIHSN participant countries during 2017-2018 season and examine factors associated with complicated hospitalization among patients admitted with laboratory-confirmed influenza illness. Methods: The study enrolled patients who were hospitalized in a GIHSN hospital in the previous 48 h with acute respiratory symptoms and who had symptoms consistent with influenza within the 7 days before admission. Enrolled patients were tested by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction to confirm influenza virus infection. "Complicated hospitalization" was defined as a need for mechanical ventilation, admission to an intensive care unit, or in-hospital death. In each of four age strata (< 15, 15-< 50, 50-< 65, and ≥ 65 years), factors associated with complicated hospitalization in influenza-positive patients were identified by mixed effects logistic regression and those associated with length of hospital stay using a linear mixed-effects regression model.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Complicated hospitalization due to influenza: results from the Global Hospital Influenza Network for the 2017–2018 season

Lina

Georges²,

Burtseva³

et al. 2020

BMC Infect Dis

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View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…All patients admitted with an acute respiratory illness are included in these studies where those patients with laboratory-confirmed influenza are compared to those patients who are testnegative for influenza [58]. These studies provide annual estimates of influenza vaccine effectiveness for the prevention of hospitalization in Canada through the Serious Outcomes Surveillance (SOS) Network of the Canadian Immunization Research Network [46,[59][60][61]. More recently, a test-negative case control design incorporating the 40-item Frailty Index in SOS Network studies has demonstrated the importance of considering the level of frailty as a major contributor to the decline in influenza vaccine effectiveness in older adults [46].…”

Section: Impact Of Frailty On Outcomes Of Influenzamentioning

confidence: 99%

The immune response to influenza in older humans: beyond immune senescence

et al. 2020

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Despite widespread influenza vaccination programs, influenza remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in older adults. Age-related changes in multiple aspects of the adaptive immune response to influenza have been well-documented including a decline in antibody responses to influenza vaccination and changes in the cellmediated response associated with immune senescence. This review will focus on T cell responses to influenza and influenza vaccination in older adults, and how increasing frailty or coexistence of multiple (≥2) chronic conditions contributes to the loss of vaccine effectiveness for the prevention of hospitalization. Further, dysregulation of the production of pro-and anti-inflammatory mediators contributes to a decline in the generation of an effective CD8 T cell response needed to clear influenza virus from the lungs. Current influenza vaccines provide only a weak stimulus to this arm of the adaptive immune response and rely on re-stimulation of CD8 T cell memory related to prior exposure to influenza virus. Efforts to improve vaccine effectiveness in older adults will be fruitless until CD8 responses take center stage.

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“…Unfortunately, in outpatient settings, it is 70 difficult to integrate immunologic evaluations because subject participation is generally limited to a 71 short interaction during acute illness. VE studies are increasingly being carried out among inpatient 72 populations [13][14][15][16]. Hospitalized patients regularly have blood collected at hospital admission for 73 clinical purposes that could be used to support VE estimates from hospital-based studies.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of correlates of protection against influenza A(H3N2) and A(H1N1)pdm09 infection: Applications to the hospitalized patient population

Petrie

Martin

Truscon

et al. 2018

Preprint

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BackgroundInfluenza vaccines are important for prevention of influenza-associated hospitalization. Assessments of serologic correlates of protection can support interpretation of influenza vaccine effectiveness evaluations in hospitalized populations.MethodsSerum specimens collected at admission from adults hospitalized for treatment of acute respiratory illnesses during two influenza seasons were tested in hemagglutination-inhibition (HAI) and neuraminidase-inhibition (NAI) assays. We evaluated the suitability of these specimens as proxies for pre-infection immune status, and measured associations between antibody titers and influenza vaccination and infectionResultsSpecimens were collected within 3 days of illness onset from 65% of participants; geometric mean titers (GMTs) did not vary by day of collection. In both seasons, vaccinated participants had higher HAI and NAI GMTs than unvaccinated participants. HAI titers against the 2014-2015 A(H3N2) vaccine strain did not correlate with protection from infection with antigenically-drifted A(H3N2) viruses that circulated that season. In contrast, higher HAI titers against the A(H1N1)pdm09 vaccine strain were associated with reduced odds of A(H1N1)pdm09 infection in 2015-2016.ConclusionsSerum collected after hospital admission can be used to assess correlates of protection against influenza infection. Broader implementation of similar studies would provide an opportunity to understand the successes and shortcomings of current influenza vaccines.

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Influenza vaccine effectiveness to prevent influenza-related hospitalizations and serious outcomes in Canadian adults over the 2011/12 through 2013/14 influenza seasons: A pooled analysis from the Canadian Immunization Research Network (CIRN) Serious Outcomes Surveillance (SOS Network)

Cited by 56 publications

References 27 publications

Complicated hospitalization due to influenza: results from the Global Hospital Influenza Network for the 2017–2018 season

Complicated hospitalization due to influenza: results from the Global Hospital Influenza Network for the 2017–2018 season

The immune response to influenza in older humans: beyond immune senescence

Evaluation of correlates of protection against influenza A(H3N2) and A(H1N1)pdm09 infection: Applications to the hospitalized patient population

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