Influenza vaccine effectiveness in preventing influenza-associated intensive care admissions and attenuating severe disease among adults in New Zealand 2012–2015

Thompson, Mark G.; Pierse, Nevil; Huang, Q. Sue; Prasad, Namrata; Duque, Jazmin; Newbern, E. Claire; Baker, Michael G; Turner, Nicola; McArthur, Colin; Team, Shivers Investigation

doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.07.028

Cited by 98 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…FluA has caused major epidemics and pandemics around the world, eg, in 2009, in which the H1N1 subtype was responsible for high rates of pneumonia hospitalizations . However, the development of a vaccine against the most frequent influenza subtypes resulted in significant reductions of pneumonia caused by influenza worldwide . This might explain the low frequency found in this study, given that Brazil makes this vaccine available to children free of charge through the Ministry of Health.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

“…We reported that all patients positive for FluA had severe pneumonia. Several previous studies have also associated influenza virus with CAP severity, with many showing that this virus rapidly compromises lung function . FluA has caused major epidemics and pandemics around the world, eg, in 2009, in which the H1N1 subtype was responsible for high rates of pneumonia hospitalizations .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several previous studies have also associated influenza virus with CAP severity, with many showing that this virus rapidly compromises lung function . FluA has caused major epidemics and pandemics around the world, eg, in 2009, in which the H1N1 subtype was responsible for high rates of pneumonia hospitalizations . However, the development of a vaccine against the most frequent influenza subtypes resulted in significant reductions of pneumonia caused by influenza worldwide .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High incidence of rhinovirus infection in children with community‐acquired pneumonia from a city in the Brazilian pre‐Amazon region

Ferreira

Costa

Cariolano

et al. 2019

Journal of Medical Virology

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Community‐acquired pneumonia (CAP) is the leading cause of child death worldwide. Viruses are the most common pathogens associated with CAP in children, but their incidence varies greatly. This study investigated the presence of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), adenovirus, human rhinovirus (HRV), human metapneumovirus (HMPV), human coronavirus (HCoV‐OC43 and HCoV‐NL63), and influenza A virus (FluA) in children with CAP and the contributing risk factors. Here, children with acute respiratory infections were screened by pediatrics; and a total of 150 radiographically‐confirmed CAP patients (aged 3 months to 10 years) from two clinical centers in Sao Luis, Brazil were recruited. Patient's clinical and epidemiological data were recorded. Nasopharyngeal swab and tracheal aspirate samples were collected to extract viral nucleic acid. RSV, adenovirus, rhinovirus, FluA, HMPV, HCoV‐OC43, and HCoV‐NL63 were detected by real‐time polymerase chain reaction. The severe CAP was associated with ages between 3 and 12 months. Viruses were detected in 43% of CAP patients. Rhinovirus infections were the most frequently identified (68%). RSV, adenovirus, FluA, and coinfections were identified in 14%, 14%, 5%, and 15% of children with viral infection, respectively. Rhinovirus was associated with nonsevere CAP (P = .014); RSV, FluA, and coinfections were associated with severe CAP (P < .05). New strategies for prevention and treatment of viral respiratory infections, mainly rhinovirus and RSV infections, are necessary.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

High incidence of rhinovirus infection in children with community‐acquired pneumonia from a city in the Brazilian pre‐Amazon region

Ferreira

Costa

Cariolano

et al. 2019

Journal of Medical Virology

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“…A study across all age groups in Spain reported influenza VE of 58% in reducing the risk of severe influenza requiring hospitalization [42]. A Southern Hemisphere study reported influenza VE of 82% in reducing influenza-associated ICU admissions among adults [43] while a study in Spain showed an adjusted influenza VE of 23% in preventing ICU admission and death [44]. Despite the benefits of influenza vaccination, there continues to be low vaccine coverage among adults admitted to the ICU who often have a high prevalence of high-risk comorbidities [45,46].…”

Section: Prevention and Vaccinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influenza virus-related critical illness: prevention, diagnosis, treatment

2019

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Annual seasonal influenza epidemics of variable severity result in significant morbidity and mortality in the United States (U.S.) and worldwide. In temperate climate countries, including the U.S., influenza activity peaks during the winter months. Annual influenza vaccination is recommended for all persons in the U.S. aged 6 months and older, and among those at increased risk for influenza-related complications in other parts of the world (e.g. young children, elderly). Observational studies have reported effectiveness of influenza vaccination to reduce the risks of severe disease requiring hospitalization, intensive care unit admission, and death. A diagnosis of influenza should be considered in critically ill patients admitted with complications such as exacerbation of underlying chronic comorbidities, community-acquired pneumonia, and respiratory failure during influenza season. Molecular tests are recommended for influenza testing of respiratory specimens in hospitalized patients. Antigen detection assays are not recommended in critically ill patients because of lower sensitivity; negative results of these tests should not be used to make clinical decisions, and respiratory specimens should be tested for influenza by molecular assays. Because critically ill patients with lower respiratory tract disease may have cleared influenza virus in the upper respiratory tract, but have prolonged influenza viral replication in the lower respiratory tract, an endotracheal aspirate (preferentially) or bronchoalveolar lavage fluid specimen (if collected for other diagnostic purposes) should be tested by molecular assay for detection of influenza viruses. Observational studies have reported that antiviral treatment of critically ill adult influenza patients with a neuraminidase inhibitor is associated with survival benefit. Since earlier initiation of antiviral treatment is associated with the greatest clinical benefit, standard-dose oseltamivir (75 mg twice daily in adults) for enteric administration is recommended as soon as possible as it is well absorbed in critically ill patients. Based upon observational data that suggest harms, adjunctive corticosteroid treatment is currently not recommended for children or adults hospitalized with influenza, including critically ill patients, unless clinically indicated for another reason, such as treatment of asthma or COPD exacerbation, or septic shock. A number of pharmaceutical agents are in development for treatment of severe influenza.

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“…Influenza vaccination lessens the risk of severe disease and reduces hospitalisation and admissions to intensive care units (Thompson 2018, Baselga-Moreno 2019). If a double-hit of influenza and SARS-CoV-2 were to occur, reducing the impact of influenza through increasing vaccination programs might be a critical factor in determining whether a country's healthcare system will cope or not.…”

Section: J O U R N a L P R E -P R O O Fmentioning

confidence: 99%

Could enhanced influenza and pneumococcal vaccination programs help limit the potential damage from SARS-CoV-2 to fragile health systems of southern hemisphere countries this winter?

Mendelson

2020

International Journal of Infectious Diseases

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Influenza vaccine effectiveness in preventing influenza-associated intensive care admissions and attenuating severe disease among adults in New Zealand 2012–2015

Cited by 98 publications

References 42 publications

High incidence of rhinovirus infection in children with community‐acquired pneumonia from a city in the Brazilian pre‐Amazon region

High incidence of rhinovirus infection in children with community‐acquired pneumonia from a city in the Brazilian pre‐Amazon region

Influenza virus-related critical illness: prevention, diagnosis, treatment

Could enhanced influenza and pneumococcal vaccination programs help limit the potential damage from SARS-CoV-2 to fragile health systems of southern hemisphere countries this winter?

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