Influenza vaccination in Austria from 1982 to 2011: A country resistant to influenza prevention and control

Kunze, Ursula; Böhm, Gabriela; Groman, Ernest

doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.08.050

Cited by 16 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Cytokines are pro-inflammatory markers which accompany immune responses to stress and have diverse roles in immunomodulation and cellular function (Kunze et al 2013). Elevated levels of cytokines are evident in the peripheral blood of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder patients, relative to healthy controls (Kunze et al 2013;Kim et al 2007).…”

Section: Pro-inflammatory Markers In Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disordermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Elevated levels of cytokines are evident in the peripheral blood of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder patients, relative to healthy controls (Kunze et al 2013;Kim et al 2007). Specifically, increased levels of serum interleukin (IL)-1, IL-2, IL6 and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-a) have been found in schizophrenia (Potvin et al 2008;Theodoropoulou et al 2001), and elevated plasma cytokine levels of IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-a are also evident in bipolar disorder (Brietzke et al 2011;O'Brien et al 2006).…”

Section: Pro-inflammatory Markers In Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disordermentioning

confidence: 99%

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Stress, Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder

Green

Girshkin

Teroganova

et al. 2014

Behavioral Neurobiology of Stress-Related Disorders

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The role of stress in precipitating psychotic episodes in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder has long been acknowledged. However, the neurobiological mechanism/s of this association have remained elusive. Current neurodevelopmental models of psychosis implicate early dysfunction in biological systems regulating hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and immune function, with long-term effects on the development of the brain networks responsible for higher order cognitive processes and stress reactivity in later life. There is also increasing evidence of childhood trauma in psychosis, and its impact on the development of brain systems regulating stress. These findings are emerging in the context of a new era of epigenetic methods facilitating the study of environmental effects on gene expression. The evidence is thus converging: exposure to stress at critical periods in life may be an important factor in the development of the brain dysfunction that represents psychosis vulnerability, rather than merely interacting with an independent 'biological vulnerability' to manifest in psychosis.

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Section: Pro-inflammatory Markers In Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disordermentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pro-inflammatory Markers In Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disordermentioning

confidence: 99%

Stress, Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder

Green

Girshkin

Teroganova

et al. 2014

Behavioral Neurobiology of Stress-Related Disorders

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“…Some exceptions are the United States (US), Austria and Estonia, which have universally recommended people aged 6 months or above to receive influenza vaccination [1][2][3]. Few European countries, such as Belgium and Ireland, included those aged 50-64 years in their recommended groups [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors associated with uptake of influenza vaccine in people aged 50 to 64 years in Hong Kong: a case–control study

Yeung

Tong

et al. 2015

BMC Public Health

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BackgroundIn Hong Kong, people aged 50–64 years were added as a recommended priority group (recommended group) for influenza vaccination by the Department of Health (DH) starting from 2011/12 onwards. The coverage rate of influenza vaccination for this age group was suboptimal at 8.5 % in 2012/13. This study investigates the factors associated with the uptake of influenza vaccination among adults in Hong Kong aged 50–64 years.MethodsA case–control study was conducted in communities by street intercept interviews from 17 July to 15 August 2013. Cases were adults aged 50–64 years who had received the influenza vaccine in 2011/12 or 2012/13, while controls were the same as the cases, except they had not received the influenza vaccine in 2011/12 or 2012/13. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed on the data to explore the associations between vaccination status and the variables.ResultsSix hundred and four respondents in total were interviewed and included in the analysis. There were 193 cases (vaccinated) and 411 controls (non-vaccinated), with a case-to-control ratio of 1:2.1. The following were strongly associated with vaccination compared to other factors: ‘eligible for free government vaccine’ (OR6.38, 95 % CI, 3.43-11.87, p < 0.001); ‘willing to receive flu vaccination for free’ (OR4.84, 95 % CI, 2.13-11.03, p < 0.001); ‘perceived having severe or moderate symptoms when contracting flu’ (OR2.90, 95 % CI, 1.21-6.97, p = 0.02), and ‘convenient to reach a vaccination location’ (OR2.87, 95 % CI, 1.06-7.74, p = 0.04). The majority of the cases (80.8 %) and controls (93.9 %) were not aware that they belonged to a recommended group for influenza vaccination and most (>80 %) were willing to be vaccinated if it was free.ConclusionsFactors related to free and convenient vaccination, the perception of the severity of symptoms when contracting influenza had a comparatively strong association with influenza vaccination uptake amongst 50–64 year olds, compared to other factors.

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“…Children suffering from a severe form of asthma, representing about 11% of all high-risk children, 30 are not eligible for a live-attenuated vaccine and, thus, continued to receive inactivated vaccine (QIV) in the model. Current vaccination coverage rates per age-risk group and country were derived from the most recent reports by the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), 31,32 multi-country surveys, 33,34 and country-specific studies 9,[35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48] (Table 2). Vaccinations were assumed to be performed annually from October 1 to November 30.…”

Section: Compared Vaccination Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct and Indirect Protection with Pediatric Quadrivalent Live-Attenuated Influenza Vaccination in Europe Estimated by a Dynamic Transmission Model

Gerlier¹,

Hackett

Lawson

et al. 2017

JHEOR

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Objectives: To estimate the public health impact of annual vaccination of children with a quadrivalent live-attenuated influenza vaccine (QLAIV) across Europe. Methods: A deterministic, age-structured, dynamic model was used to simulate influenza transmission across 14 European countries, comparing current vaccination coverage using a quadrivalent inactivated vaccine (QIV) to a scenario whereby vaccination coverage was extended to 50% of 2–17 year-old children, using QLAIV. Differential equations described demographic changes, exposure to infectious individuals, recovery and immunity dynamics. For each country, the basic reproduction number (R0) was calibrated to published influenza incidence statistics. Assumed vaccine efficacy for children was 80% (QLAIV) and 59% (QIV). Symptomatic cases cumulated over 10 years were calculated per 100 000 person-years. One-way sensitivity analyses were conducted on QLAIV efficacy in 7–17 year-olds (59% instead of 80%), durations of natural (±3 years; base case: 6, 12 years for influenza A, B respectively) and QLAIV vaccine-induced immunity (100% immunity loss after 1 season; base case: 30%), and R0 (+/-10% around all-year average value). Results: Across countries, annual QLAIV vaccination additionally prevents 1366–3604 symptomatic cases per 100 000 population (average 2495 /100 000, ie, a reduction of 47.6% of the cases which occur in the reference scenario with QIV vaccination only). Among children (2–17 years), QLAIV prevents 551–1555 cases per 100 000 population (average 990 /100 000, ie, 67.2% of current cases). Among adults, QLAIV indirectly prevents 726-2047 cases per 100 000 population (average 1466 /100 000, ie, 40.0% of current cases). The most impactful drivers of total protection were duration of natural immunity against influenza A, R0 and QLAIV immunity duration and efficacy. In all evaluated scenarios, there was a large direct and even larger indirect protection compared with the reference scenario. Conclusions: The model highlights direct and indirect protection benefits when vaccinating healthy children with QLAIV in Europe, across a range of demographic structures, contact patterns and vaccination coverage rates.

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Influenza vaccination in Austria from 1982 to 2011: A country resistant to influenza prevention and control

Cited by 16 publications

References 40 publications

Stress, Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder

Stress, Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder

Factors associated with uptake of influenza vaccine in people aged 50 to 64 years in Hong Kong: a case–control study

Direct and Indirect Protection with Pediatric Quadrivalent Live-Attenuated Influenza Vaccination in Europe Estimated by a Dynamic Transmission Model

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