Influenza surveillance from November 2008 to 2011; including pandemic influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 in Bhutan

Wangchuk, Sonam; Thapa, Binay; Zangmo, Sangay; Jarman, Richard G.; Bhoomiboonchoo, Piraya; Gibbons, Robert V.

doi:10.1111/j.1750-2659.2012.00409.x

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…In 2008, the Royal Centre for Disease Control (RCDC), MOH in Bhutan, in conjunction with the United States Armed Force Research Institute for Medical Sciences, initiated sentinel surveillance for influenza‐like illness (ILI) in outpatients . In 2012, RCDC expanded surveillance to hospitalized patients with severe acute respiratory infections (SARI) in collaboration with the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 89%

The burden of influenza‐associated respiratory hospitalizations in Bhutan, 2015‐2016

Thapa

Roguski

Azziz‐Baumgartner

et al. 2018

Influenza Resp Viruses

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 89%

The burden of influenza‐associated respiratory hospitalizations in Bhutan, 2015‐2016

Thapa

Roguski

Azziz‐Baumgartner

et al. 2018

Influenza Resp Viruses

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“…Primers and probes used in the laboratory-developed real-time PCR assays have been previously described[ 9 , 10 ]. Influenza assays were performed using Invitrogen Superscript III reagents and all other assays were performed using Ambion AgPath ID reagents.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analytical Sensitivity Comparison between Singleplex Real-Time PCR and a Multiplex PCR Platform for Detecting Respiratory Viruses

et al. 2015

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Multiplex PCR methods are attractive to clinical laboratories wanting to broaden their detection of respiratory viral pathogens in clinical specimens. However, multiplexed assays must be well optimized to retain or improve upon the analytic sensitivity of their singleplex counterparts. In this experiment, the lower limit of detection (LOD) of singleplex real-time PCR assays targeting respiratory viruses is compared to an equivalent panel on a multiplex PCR platform, the GenMark eSensor RVP. LODs were measured for each singleplex real-time PCR assay and expressed as the lowest copy number detected 95–100% of the time, depending on the assay. The GenMark eSensor RVP LODs were obtained by converting the TCID50/mL concentrations reported in the package insert to copies/μL using qPCR. Analytical sensitivity between the two methods varied from 1.2–1280.8 copies/μL (0.08–3.11 log differences) for all 12 assays compared. Assays targeting influenza A/H3N2, influenza A/H1N1pdm09, influenza B, and human parainfluenza 1 and 2 were most comparable (1.2–8.4 copies/μL, <1 log difference). Largest differences in LOD were demonstrated for assays targeting adenovirus group E, respiratory syncytial virus subtype A, and a generic assay for all influenza A viruses regardless of subtype (319.4–1280.8 copies/μL, 2.50–3.11 log difference). The multiplex PCR platform, the GenMark eSensor RVP, demonstrated improved analytical sensitivity for detecting influenza A/H3 viruses, influenza B virus, human parainfluenza virus 2, and human rhinovirus (1.6–94.8 copies/μL, 0.20–1.98 logs). Broader detection of influenza A/H3 viruses was demonstrated by the GenMark eSensor RVP. The relationship between TCID50/mL concentrations and the corresponding copy number related to various ATCC cultures is also reported.

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“…The samples were immediately transported on ice to the laboratory, where they were aliquot and stored at -80 o C. Within one week of sample collection, RNA was extracted from a one mL sample aliquot using PureLink Viral RNA/DNA Mini Kit (Invitrogen) according to the manufacturer’s specifications. The specimens were screened for influenza A/B viruses and RSV by real-time PCR (RT-PCR) using primers and probes specific for the M gene, NS gene, and G gene, respectively [ [44] , [45] , [46] , [47] ]. The sequences of primers and probes were obtained from the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC, USA), and the experimental procedure was done as previously described [ 47 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of influenza virus in air samples of patient rooms

Chamseddine

Soudani

Kanafani

et al. 2021

Journal of Hospital Infection

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Background Understanding the transmission and dispersal of influenza and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) via aerosols is essential for the development of preventative measures in hospital environments and healthcare facilities. Methods During the 2017-2018 influenza season, patients with confirmed influenza or RSV infections were enrolled. Room air samples were collected close to (0.30 m) and far (2.20 m) from the patient’s head. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect and quantify viral particles in the air samples. Plaque assay was used to determine the infectiousness of the detected viruses. Findings Fifty-one air samples were collected from the rooms of 29 patients with laboratory-confirmed influenza; 51% of the samples tested positive for influenza A virus (IAV). Among IAV-positive patients, 65% were emitters (have at least one positive air sample) reflecting a higher risk of nosocomial transmission compared to non-emitters. The majority (61.5%) of the IAV-positive air samples were collected at 0.3 m distance from the patients’ head, while the remaining were collected at 2.2 m. The positivity rate of IAV in air samplers was influenced by the distance from the patient’s head and the day of collection post-hospital admission. Only three patients with RSV infection were recruited and none were emitters. Conclusion This study demonstrates that influenza can be aerosolized beyond one meter in patient rooms, a distance considered to be safe by infection control practices. Further investigations are needed to determine the extent of infectivity of the aerosolized virus particles.

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Influenza surveillance from November 2008 to 2011; including pandemic influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 in Bhutan

Cited by 11 publications

References 14 publications

The burden of influenza‐associated respiratory hospitalizations in Bhutan, 2015‐2016

The burden of influenza‐associated respiratory hospitalizations in Bhutan, 2015‐2016

Analytical Sensitivity Comparison between Singleplex Real-Time PCR and a Multiplex PCR Platform for Detecting Respiratory Viruses

Detection of influenza virus in air samples of patient rooms

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