Influenza Sentinel Surveillance and Severe Acute Respiratory Infection in a Reference Hospital in Southern Brazil

Abstract

Introduction: We report the results of the active surveillance of influenza infections in hospitalized patients and the evaluation of the seasonality and correlation with temperature and rainfall data. Methods: During the 2-year study period, 775 patients were tested for 15 respiratory viruses (RVs). Results: Most of the 57% of (n=444) virus-positive samples were human rhinovirus and respiratory syncytial virus. However, 10.4% (n=46) were influenza virus (80% FluA; 20% FluB). Age and SARI were significantly associated with influenza. FluB circulation was higher is 2013. Conclusions: In the post-epidemic period, influenza remains an important cause of hospitalization in SARI patients.

Epidemiology of respiratory viruses in patients with severe acute respiratory infections and influenza‐like illness in Suriname

“…The overall PDR in Suriname for the other tested viral pathogens AdV, PIV, and hMPV displayed a range from 3.8% for PIV to 4.9% for hMPV and although data on prevalence of respiratory viruses other than influenza and RSV are limited, basic comparison with analogous country settings revealed similar PDRs for PIV and AdV in Brazil and some Central American countries. 14,15 Interestingly, hMPV had the leading role in our setting for the three viruses, which not only diverged from Brazil, with equivalent PDRs for these three viruses, but was in contrast with Central American countries, where hMPV ranked at the bottom. 14,15 This finding gained in importance, considering the high occurrence of RSV in our population, as it has been shown that RSV infection can also induce cross-protection against hMPV, thus even negatively affecting the epidemiological pattern of this respiratory pathogen in Suriname.…”

“…14,15 Interestingly, hMPV had the leading role in our setting for the three viruses, which not only diverged from Brazil, with equivalent PDRs for these three viruses, but was in contrast with Central American countries, where hMPV ranked at the bottom. 14,15 This finding gained in importance, considering the high occurrence of RSV in our population, as it has been shown that RSV infection can also induce cross-protection against hMPV, thus even negatively affecting the epidemiological pattern of this respiratory pathogen in Suriname. 16 On the other hand, the global presence of hMPV, AdV, and PIV seems to be variable without a particular order of occurrence for these viruses.…”

The epidemiological pattern of seasonal influenza in four sentinel sites in Iraq

“…Another Brazilian study showed that the influenza viral infection had a significant association with age (as shown in our findings) and with cases that were diagnosed as SARI (on the contrary of the current study). 18 …”

Community Health Centers and Sentinel Surveillance of Human Trafficking in the United States

“…Sites are selected nonrandomly to sample changes in numbers and characteristics over time. Most commonly applied in the epidemiological surveillance of infectious diseases such as HIV/AIDS [32][33][34][35][36] and influenza, [37][38][39] this approach has also been adapted and used for noncommunicable health problems such as domestic violence, 40 occupational injuries, 41 self-harm, 42 and child maltreatment. 43 Sentinel surveillance helps to collect information about trafficked people and their vulnerabilities, the effectiveness of laws and policies, and trends and changes in prevalence and flow that is crucial to anti-trafficking efforts.…”

“…Sites are selected nonrandomly to sample changes in numbers and characteristics over time. Most commonly applied in the epidemiological surveillance of infectious diseases such as HIV/AIDS 32 -36 and influenza, 37-39 this approach has also been adapted and used for noncommunicable health problems such as domestic violence, 40 occupational injuries, 41 self-harm, 42 and child maltreatment. 43…”